1. Human Anatomy & Physiology (HAP) Chapter 1 Introduction to HAP Text-Hole’s Essentials of HAP http://sce.uhcl.edu/puzdrowski/vitruvian.jpg

2. Prefixes and Suffixes Learn the prefixes & suffixes in every unit Copy the prefixes and suffixes at the beginning of every unit onto “Fold” Sheet ….write the word on front left side and the definition on the back left side and fold to see definition. Practice using the sheet to improve your memorization of the terms.

3. Ch 1 Prefixes & Suffixes Append-Pariet- Cardi-Pelv- Cran-Peri- Dors-Pleur- Homeo--stasis -logy-tomy Meta-

4. Anatomy Structure (morphology), form and organization of body parts Structure (morphology), form and organization of body partsPhysiology Functions of body parts Functions of body parts Difficult to separate the two Sciences

5. Levels of Organization (least to most complex) AtomsMoleculesOrganellesCellsTissuesOrgans Organ Systems Organism (Human) Descriptions – atomic, molecular & cellular levels

6. Ten Characteristics of Life Movement – Change position; motion Responsiveness - Reaction to a stimulus Growth- increase size w/o change in shape Reproduction Respiration - release energy from food Digestion Absorption- move substances thru membrane Circulation-move substances thru fluids Assimilation- change substances Excretion- remove metabolic wastes

7. Environmental Factors Vital to Life Water Medium for metabolic processes Medium for metabolic processes Transports substances within organism Transports substances within organism Regulation of body temperature Regulation of body temperature http://www.revivenaturally.com/images/fig01_pctwtrbody_s.gif

8. Food Provides water and nutrients (chemicals) Provides water and nutrients (chemicals) Chemicals for Energy used in metabolic processes Raw material for building new matter Chemicals to Regulate Reactions http://lh4.ggpht.com/_HEQG9GgW6nM/R3RD3D_fbLI/AAAAAAAAAjk/hYhi-5s4RSs/324718010_32a837fcb6.jpg

9. Oxygen Necessary in order to Release Energy from Food Necessary in order to Release Energy from Food http://www.brooklyn.cuny.edu/bc/ahp/SDPS/Atom.Oxygen.GIF

10. Heat Energy Energy Produced in Metabolic Rxns Produced in Metabolic Rxns Affect Metabolic Rxn rates Affect Metabolic Rxn rates Increase Heat  Increase Rate http://ppo.tamuk.edu/ehs/Heat_Stress/PE00998_.gif

11. Pressure- applied force Atmospheric Pressure Weight of Atmosphere (14.7lbs/in2) Weight of Atmosphere (14.7lbs/in2) Hydrostatic Pressure Weight of Fluid on organism Weight of Fluid on organism *Blood Pressure http://assets.aarp.org/external_sites/adam/graphics/images/en/9124.jpg

12. Maintaining a Stable Internal Environment Homeostasis Maintained by a self-regulating system (3 components) Maintained by a self-regulating system (3 components) *Set-point – ex. 37C (98.6F) body temp. *Receptors – get info *Effectors – cause response Negative Feedback Response

13. Organization of the Human Body Two Portions or Divisions: Axial portionHeadNeck Trunk of Body Appendicular portion Upper & Lower Limbs http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/notes/images/skmus/appendicular_skeleton1.jpg

14. Axialanatomy: Axial anatomy: Cranial Cavity Vertebral Canal Thoracic Cavity Abdominopelvic Cavity http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Axial_skeleton_diagram.svg/240px-Axial_skeleton_diagram.svg.png

15. Cranial Cavity Four Smaller Cavities within the Head: Oral Cavity Oral Cavity Nasal Cavity Nasal Cavity Orbital Cavity Orbital Cavity Middle Ear Middle Ear Cavity Cavity

16. Orbital Cavity http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.boystownhospital.org/Images/Cochlear/Information/outer.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.boystownhospital.org/Cochlear/Information/normal.asp&usghttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.boystownhospital.org/Images/Cochlear/Information/outer.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.boystownhospital.org/Cochlear/Information/normal.asp&usg= __Q5Ij1KFzAIbY0Kch1V4dh0DSWZ8=&h=303&w=382&sz=107&hl=en&start=10&um=1&tbnid=PKjdwZqi94CNSM:&tbnh=98&tbnw=123&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmiddle%2Bear%2Bcavity%26um% 3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4DMUS_en___US250%26sa%3DN http://www.wetcanvas.com/ArtSchool/Drawing/Anatomy/Lesson1/page8a.jpg Middle Ear Cavity

17. Thoracic & Abdominopelvic Cavities Organs are called VISCERA Cavities separated by DIAPHRAGM http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2007/08/01/health/adam/7073.jpg

18. Thoracic Cavity Three Regions: Left Lung Right Lung Mediastinum Heart- moves blood Esophagus- moves food Trachea- moves air Thymus- gland (hormone)

19. Abdominopelvic Cavity Two Regions Abdominal Cavity Pelvic Cavity Within hips Within hips http://www.octc.kctcs.edu/GCaplan/anat/Notes/Image561.gif

20. Abdominal CavityViscera:StomachLiverSpleenGallbladderKidneys Small Intestine Large Intestine http://www.walgreens.com/library/graphics/images/en/19260.jpg

21. Pelvic Cavity Enclosed by Hip bones *Urinary Bladder *Terminal portion Large Intestines Large Intestines*InternalReproductiveOrgans Bladder Uterus Large Intestines http://www.netterimages.com/images/vtn/000/000/007/7237-150x150.jpg

22. Warm-up Write the following (21)terms and the definition on a sheet of paper in your notebook: AbdominalCarpalCubital AcromialCeliacDigital AntebrachialCephalicDorsal AntecubitalCervicalFemoral AxillaryCostalFrontal BrachialCoxalGenital BuccalCruralGluteal.

23. Thoracic & Abdominopelvic Membranes Two types: Parietal Membranes attached to the wall of a cavity Visceral Membranes covering an internal organ within a cavity Membranes covering an internal organ within a cavity

25. Types of Parietal and Visceral Membranes: Thoracic Cavity: Mediastinum: Parietal Pericardium-lines pericardial (Heart) cavity Parietal Pericardium-lines pericardial (Heart) cavity Visceral Pericardium- covers Heart Visceral Pericardium- covers Heart Rt & Lft Thoracic Compartments: Parietal Pleura- line compartments Parietal Pleura- line compartments Visceral Pleura- covers lungs Visceral Pleura- covers lungs

26. Abdominopelvic Cavity Membranes : Peritoneal Membranes : Parietal Peritoneum- lines cavity Parietal Peritoneum- lines cavity Visceral Peritoneum – covers abdominal organs Visceral Peritoneum – covers abdominal organs Potential Space Between Parietal and Visceral Membranes= Cavity

28. Organ Systems Interrelated Organs working together to enable their system to contribute to HOMEOSTASIS

29. Integumentary System Skin, Nails, Hair, Sweat Glands, Sebaceous Glands (oil) Protect underlying tissuesProtect underlying tissues Aid in the regulation of body temperatureAid in the regulation of body temperature Contain sensory receptorsContain sensory receptors Synthesize other products (melanin)Synthesize other products (melanin)

30. http://www.dwm.ks.edu.tw/bio/activelearner/37/images/ch37c1.gif http://academic.kellogg.cc.mi.us/herbrandsonc/bio201_McKinley/f5-1_layers_of_the_inte_c.jpg

31. Skeletal System Bones, Ligaments & Cartilages FrameworkFramework Protection of underlying soft tissuesProtection of underlying soft tissues Attachment for musclesAttachment for muscles MovementMovement Produce Blood CellsProduce Blood Cells Store Inorganic Salts (calcium)Store Inorganic Salts (calcium)

32. http://www.exrx.net/Store/OtherImages/SkeletalSystem3.jpg

33. Muscular System Organ = Muscles Force for body movement Force for body movement Maintain posture Maintain posture Main source of Body Heat Main source of Body Heat

34. Nervous System Brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs Control & adjust various organ functionsControl & adjust various organ functions Nerve impulse= short term electrochemical impulseNerve impulse= short term electrochemical impulse Nerve functions:Nerve functions: Detect, Receive or Interpret Impulses Detect, Receive or Interpret Impulses

35. http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thumb/e/ec/290px-Nervous_system_diagram.png

36. Endocrine System All of the Glands that secrete hormones (Chemical messengers) Hypothalamus (brain) Pituitary, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal Glands Pancreas, Ovaries, Testes, Pineal Gland & Thymus Hormones leave the gland & affect specific TARGET CELLS. Hormone effects may last a long time

37. http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/sciences/LifeScience/GeneralBiology/Physiology/EndocrineSystem/NervousEndocrine/endocrorgs.gif

38. Cardiovascular System Heart, Arteries, Veins, Capillaries & Blood Transport systemTransport system for gases, nutrients, for gases, nutrients, hormones & wastes http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/NR/rdonlyres/BF321698-FDCA-443F-9D66-6E00F445CDAF/0/270f1.gif

39. Lymphatic System Lymph vessels, lymph fluid, lymph nodes, lymphocytes, thymus & spleen Transport system for tissue fluidTransport system for tissue fluid Carries fatty substances into blood streamCarries fatty substances into blood stream Lymphocytes (cells) fight infectionsLymphocytes (cells) fight infections

40. Digestive System Mouth, Tongue, Teeth, Salivary Glands, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas, Small Intestine & Large Intestine Receive, break down & absorb foodReceive, break down & absorb food Eliminate wastesEliminate wastes

41. http://eatwellgetwell.files.wordpress.com/2006/05/digestion_good2.jpg

42. Nasal Cavity, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi & Lungs Move air (in & out)Move air (in & out) Exchange gasExchange gas between blood & air (Oxygen into blood, CO2 into air) Respiratory System http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Sciences/LifeScience/GeneralBiology/Physiology/RespiratorySystem/HumanRespiratory/humrespsys_1.gif

43. Urinary System Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder & urethra Remove waste from bloodRemove waste from blood Help maintain body water & salt concentrations (electrolytes)Help maintain body water & salt concentrations (electrolytes) http://findmeacure.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/03/define-kidneys-and-urinary-system-1.jpg

44. Reproductive System Male- Scrotum, testes, epididymides, vasa deferentia, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethreal glands, penis & urethra Produce & maintain sperm cellsProduce & maintain sperm cells Transfer sperm cells (spermatozoa)Transfer sperm cells (spermatozoa)

45. Male Reproductive System http://www.integris-health.com/NR/rdonlyres/95A31EBF-3D10-4084-B685-6960F3E34B92/886/maleReproductiveSystem.jpg

46. Female Reproductive System Ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, clitoris & vulva Produce & maintain eggs (oocytes)Produce & maintain eggs (oocytes) Receive sperm cellsReceive sperm cells Transport eggs & sperm w/in systemTransport eggs & sperm w/in system Supports development of embryo & fetusesSupports development of embryo & fetuses Provides passageway for fetus to leave the prenatal environmentProvides passageway for fetus to leave the prenatal environment

47. Female Reproductive System http://www.faqs.org/health/images/uchr_02_img0146.jpg

48. Warm-up Body Region (21)Terms (pg 15-17) Textbook InguinalPalmarPopliteal LumbarPatellarSacral MammaryPectoralSternal MentalPedalTarsal NasalPelvicUmbilical OccipitalPerinealVertebral OticPlantar

49. Anatomical Terms (Based upon Anatomical Position) Anatomical Position *Standing Erect *Face Forward *Upper Limbs at side *Palms forward *Right & Left refer to the body being studied

50. Body Planes Frontal(Coronal)Horizontal(Transverse)Median(Sagittal) http://www.shoppingtrolley.net/images/anatomy/anatomical-position.jpg

51. Relative Position Terms (in respect to another body part) Superior - above, closer to head Inferior -below, toward the feet Anterior -ventral, toward the front Posterior -dorsal, toward the back Median -toward the midline Lateral -toward the side Proximal -closer to attachment to the Trunk Distal -farther from the Trunk attachment Superficial -near the surface Deep -more internal

52. Abdominopelvic Body Regions http://www.rogers.k12.ar.us/users/ehutches/Image564.gif

53. Abdominopelvic Quadrants http://academic.kellogg.cc.mi.us/herbrandsonc/bio201_McKinley/f1-10_abdominopelvic_re_c.jpg

54. Medical Imaging- Allows NON- Invasive Visualization of Structures Inside the Body Radiography (X-Ray)- a single barrage of X-rays passes through the body, producing an image of interior structures on X-ray sensitive film http://www.doh.state.fl.us/DISEASE_CTRL/epi/Epi_Updates/Images/X-ray.jpg

55. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) High-energy magnetic field which causes protons in body fluids & tissues to arrange themselves in relation to the field. High-energy magnetic field which causes protons in body fluids & tissues to arrange themselves in relation to the field. Produces an image on a video monitor Produces an image on a video monitor http://www.mritoday.net/MRI2.JPG

56. Computed Tomography (CT) Computer-assisted Radiography X-Ray beam is arced at multiple angles around a section of body. The scan is reproduced on a monitor. (once called a CAT scan) http://www.ducksportsnews.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2008/02/ct-scan.jpg

57. Ultrasound Use of Cyclic sound pressure to penetrate the body, and measuring the reflective signature of the inner structures. http://www.advanceusa.org/blog/content/binary/Ultrasound%202.jpg

58. Clinical Application Terms Palpations, Auscultation & Percussion Non-Invasive techniques to assess certain aspects of body structure & function. Palpation-examiner feels body surfaces with hands (ex. pulse) Palpation-examiner feels body surfaces with hands (ex. pulse) Auscultation-listen (stethoscope) to body sounds Auscultation-listen (stethoscope) to body sounds Percussion-tap on body surface to listen or feel for resulting echo Percussion-tap on body surface to listen or feel for resulting echo

59. Autopsy Examination of the body after death. May reveal existence of diseases not detected during life. May determine extent of injuries, explaining how the injuries may have contributed to a person’s death. http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/autopsy-9.jpg

60. Diagnosis of Disease Diagnosis- science & skill of distinguishing one disorder or disease from another. Medical History- collection of information that might relate to a person’s illness Medical History- collection of information that might relate to a person’s illness Physical Examination- orderly evaluation of the body & its functions. Physical Examination- orderly evaluation of the body & its functions.

61. Medical & Applied Sciences See page 18 Textbook: CardiologyHistologyPathology CytologyImmunologyPediatrics DermatologyNeonatologyPharmacology EndocrinologyNephrologyPodiatry EpidemiologyNeurologyPsychiatry GastroenterologyObstetricsRadiology GeriatricsOncologyToxicology GerontologyOphthalmologyUrology GynecologyOrthopedics HematologyOtolaryngology