1. Anatomy Ch 1- An introduction
Organization and Directional terms

2. What do humans have in common with ALL living things?
Responsiveness- to stimuli – the environment either external or internal
Growth- in size, number or repair
Reproduction- create new organism
Movement-either internal or external
Metabolism

3. What is Anatomy

4. What is Physiology
Muscle Physiology
Respiration Physiology

5. Anatomy has perspectives
Microscopic
Cytology
Histology
Macroscopic- or Gross Anatomy

6. Levels of Organization

7. The Hierarchy of Structural Organization
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 1.1

8. Organ Systems Integumentary System
Function: Protection from environmental hazards, temperature control
Organs
Epidermis
Dermis
Hair follicles
Sebaceous glands
Nails
Sensory receptors

9. Organ Systems Skeletal System
Function: Support, protection of soft tissues, mineral storage, blood formation
Organs
Bones
Cartilage
Ligaments
Bone Marrow

10. Organ System Muscular System
Function – Locomotion, support, heat production
Organs-
Skeletal muscles
Smooth muscles
Cardiac muscles

11. Organ Systems The Nervous System
Function – Directing immediate responses to stimuli, usually by coordinating the activities of other organ systems
Organs
Central Nervous system
Brain
Spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous system

12. Organ Systems The Endocrine System
Function –Directing long-term changes in the activities of other organ systems
Organs
Pituitary
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Thymus
Adrenal
Kidneys
Pancreas
Gonads
Testes
ovaries

13. Organ System Cardiovascular System
Function –Internal transport of cells and dissolved materials, including nutrients, wastes and gases
Organs
Heart
Blood vessels
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins
Blood

14. Organ Systems Lymphatic system
Function – Defense against infection and disease
Organs
Lymphatic vessels
Lymph nodes
Spleen
thymus

15. Organ System The Respiratory System
Function-Delivery of air to sites where gas exchange can occur between the air and circulating blood
Organs –
Nasal cavities
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs
Alveoli

16. Organ System Digestive System
Function- Processing of food and absorption of nutrients, minerals, vitamins and water
Organs
Salivary glands
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Large intestine

17. Organ System The Urinary System
Function-Elimination of excess water, salts, and waste products
Organs
Kidneys
Ureters
Urinary Bladder
Urethra

18. Organ System Female and Male Reproductive Systems
Function – Production of sex cells and hormones
Female Organs
Ovaries
Uterine Tubes
Uterus
Vagina
External Genitalia
Mammary glands

19. Male organs
Testes
Accessory organs
Epididymis
Ductus Deerens
Seminal vesicles
External Genitalia
Penis
Scrotum

20. Homeostasis
Definition – the process of maintaining internal balance of a system
Processes of homeostasis
Negative feedback
Positive feedback

21. Homeostasis, con’t
Necessary organs
Receptors
Effectors
Control center

22. What is Disease? When homeostasis FAILS As a function of pathogens
Virus
Bacteria
Parasite
Fungus
As a function of accident
Bubonic Plague

23. Anatomical Positions
Supine
Prone

24. Anatomical Regions Quadrants

25. Body Cavities and Membranes
Dorsal body cavity
Cranial cavity
Vertebral cavity

26. Body Cavities and Membranes
Ventral body cavity
Thoracic cavity – divided into three parts
Two lateral parts each containing a lung surrounded by a pleural cavity
Mediastinum – contains the heart surrounded by the pericardial sac

27. Body Cavities and Membranes
Ventral body cavity
Abdominopelvic cavity – divided into two parts
Abdominal cavity –contains the liver, stomach, kidneys, and other organs
Pelvic cavity – contains the bladder, some reproductive organs, and rectum

28. Other Body Cavities

29. Orientation and Directional Terms

30. Orientation and Directional Terms

31. Orientation and Directional Terms

32. Regional Terms and Activities

33. Body Planes and Sections
Transverse plane
Runs horizontally and divides body into superior and inferior parts
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 1.5

35. Banana sectioned into planes

36. Great review web site
Try this quiz from animations- scroll down to “Anatomy” and watch animations, then take quizzes based on the animation