1. THE RISE OF PROGRESSIVISM 1880-1920

2. PROGRESSIVISM Progress Efficiency Order  A REACTION TO THE RAPID INDUSTRIALIZATON AND URBANIZATION THAT OCCURRED IN THE U.S. FROM 1880-1920

3. Three Progressive Presidents 1. Theodore Roosevelt 1901-1909 2. William Howard Taft 1909-1913 3. Woodrow Wilson 1913-1921

4. Who were the Progressives? Where were they from?  It was a city-based (urban) reform movement  Optimists, believed in progress and efficiency  Mostly middle class Americans  Businessmen, professionals, teachers, doctors, lawyers, ministers professors  Women, many of whom were educated  Many were white protestants who believed in white racial supremacy  Theodore Roosevelt was the first Progressive President  ***In the end, many people called themselves “Progressive Reformers”

5. Three Major Impulses of Progressivism 1. Wanted to attack the power of trusts and monopolies 2. Progressives believed in social cohesion-- the well-being of one person is tied to the well being of all of society 3. They believed in KNOWLEDGE and EFFICIENCY

6. Progressives organized and took action to bring about change:  Muckraking---exposing problems  Settlement House Movement  The Social Gospel Movement  Promoted the training of experts to take on problems  Woman Suffrage Movement (vote)  “Trust Busting”—breaking up monopolies  Government Reform  Temperance Movement  Immigration Restriction  Better working conditions, wages,….  To end prostitution and divorce  Other reform movements: Socialism, NAACP, Conservation

7. MUCKRAKERS  Ida Tarbell took on Standard Oil trust  Lincoln Steffens, The Shame of Cities  Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives  Upton Sinclair, The Jungle  Muckrakers wrote about poor working conditions, government corruption, child labor, poverty, prostitution……

8. Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle  Book led to the passage of legislation to ensure safe food.  Pure Food and Drug Administration  Regular inspections

10. Hull House, Settlement House in Chicago

11. Hull House Children

12. Jane Addams and friend

13. Hull House

15. Professional Organizations  American Medical Association  The Bar  National Association of Manufacturers  Chamber of Commerce  National Farm Bureau

16. College Women, 1900s

17. Club Women

18. African American women formed their own clubs….

19. Woman Suffrage Movement

20. Anti-suffrage Movement

21. WOMEN ON STRIKE

22. City Machines controlled ethnic voters

23. Reform of State and City Government  Secret ballot  Civil Service exam  New forms of city government=City Managers and City Councils or Commissions  State government reforms Initiative Referendum Direct Primary Recall

24. The Temperance Crusade

25. Women’s Christian Temperance Union

26. FRANCES WILLARD and the 18 th Amendment

27. Carrie Nation Gave away autographed axes to her supporters.

28. The Immigration Debate Raged on… Many industrialists supported immigration because of the constant supply of labor.  Immigrants and social problems  Eugenics—inferior traits were hereditary  Book: The Passing of the Great Race  Rise of nativism  WWI (1915) increased resentment of immigrants

29. TRIANGLE SHIRTWAIST FIRE

31. UNION PROTESTS AFTER THE FIRE

32. Louis Brandeis and the fight against monopolies (“Trust Busting”)

35. International Workers of the World

36. W. E. B. Dubois and the NAACP

37. Yosemite National Park Theodore Roosevelt and John Muir

39. THE BIG PICTURE….  WHATEVER THE WEAKNESSES OR FAILURES OF PROGRESSIVISM, IT LED TO THE RISE OF THE LARGER, MORE ACTIVE GOVERNMENT THAT WE HAVE TODAY.