1. Please turn in 25.3 Notes. Not done? Turn them in on FRIDAY 12/2 with a Late Work Coupon. Misery, misery. *despair despair* But at least I have this awesome hat.

2. Test/Essay info: You will get a study guide and an brief explanation of the essay on Friday – EVERYONE will get this info. TEST will be on Tuesday, 12/6 ONE NOTE CARD (4x6) allowed to use on test. Must be hand-written. 1 st half of class on Tuesday – REVIEW/STUDY 2 nd half of class on Tuesday - TEST ESSAY – Due Thursday 12/8 1 st half of class on Tuesday – Work time IN COMPUTER LAB. 2 nd half of class on Tuesday – Work time IN CLASSROOM.

3. WORKING CONDITIONS & WAGES Factory Work Factories pay more than farms, spur demand for more expensive goods

4. "We went to the mill at five in the morning. We worked until dinner time and then to nine or ten at night; on Saturday it could be till eleven and often till twelve at night. We were sent to clean the machinery on the Sunday." Man interviewed in 1849 who had worked in a mill as a child. "Very often the children are woken at four in the morning. The children are carried on the backs of the older children asleep to the mill, and they see no more of their parents till they go home at night and are sent to bed." Richard Oastler, interviewed in 1832. "When I was seven years old I went to work at Mr Marshall’s factory at Shrewsbury. If a child became sleepy, the overlooker touches the child on the shoulder and says "come here". In the corner of the room there is an iron cistern filled with water. He takes the boy by the legs and dips him in the cistern, and then sends him back to work." Jonathan Downe,interviewed in June 1832. "I have seen my master, Luke Taylor, with a horse whip standing outside the mill when the children have come too late.........he lashed them all the way to the mill." John Fairbrother, an overlooker, interviewed in 1819.

5. "We went to the mill at five in the morning. We worked until dinner time and then to nine or ten at night; on Saturday it could be till eleven and often till twelve at night. We were sent to clean the machinery on the Sunday." Man interviewed in 1849 who had worked in a mill as a child. "Very often the children are woken at four in the morning. The children are carried on the backs of the older children asleep to the mill, and they see no more of their parents till they go home at night and are sent to bed." Richard Oastler, interviewed in 1832. "When I was seven years old I went to work at Mr Marshall’s factory at Shrewsbury. If a child became sleepy, the overlooker touches the child on the shoulder and says "come here". In the corner of the room there is an iron cistern filled with water. He takes the boy by the legs and dips him in the cistern, and then sends him back to work." Jonathan Downe,interviewed in June 1832. "I have seen my master, Luke Taylor, with a horse whip standing outside the mill when the children have come too late.........he lashed them all the way to the mill." John Fairbrother, an overlooker, interviewed in 1819. Punctuality? Expectations?

6. "We went to the mill at five in the morning. We worked until dinner time and then to nine or ten at night; on Saturday it could be till eleven and often till twelve at night. We were sent to clean the machinery on the Sunday." Man interviewed in 1849 who had worked in a mill as a child. "Very often the children are woken at four in the morning. The children are carried on the backs of the older children asleep to the mill, and they see no more of their parents till they go home at night and are sent to bed." Richard Oastler, interviewed in 1832. "When I was seven years old I went to work at Mr Marshall’s factory at Shrewsbury. If a child became sleepy, the overlooker touches the child on the shoulder and says "come here". In the corner of the room there is an iron cistern filled with water. He takes the boy by the legs and dips him in the cistern, and then sends him back to work." Jonathan Downe,interviewed in June 1832. "I have seen my master, Luke Taylor, with a horse whip standing outside the mill when the children have come too late.........he lashed them all the way to the mill." John Fairbrother, an overlooker, interviewed in 1819. Working hours?

7. "We went to the mill at five in the morning. We worked until dinner time and then to nine or ten at night; on Saturday it could be till eleven and often till twelve at night. We were sent to clean the machinery on the Sunday." Man interviewed in 1849 who had worked in a mill as a child. "Very often the children are woken at four in the morning. The children are carried on the backs of the older children asleep to the mill, and they see no more of their parents till they go home at night and are sent to bed." Richard Oastler, interviewed in 1832. "When I was seven years old I went to work at Mr Marshall’s factory at Shrewsbury. If a child became sleepy, the overlooker touches the child on the shoulder and says "come here". In the corner of the room there is an iron cistern filled with water. He takes the boy by the legs and dips him in the cistern, and then sends him back to work." Jonathan Downe,interviewed in June 1832. "I have seen my master, Luke Taylor, with a horse whip standing outside the mill when the children have come too late.........he lashed them all the way to the mill." John Fairbrother, an overlooker, interviewed in 1819. Family life?

8. "We went to the mill at five in the morning. We worked until dinner time and then to nine or ten at night; on Saturday it could be till eleven and often till twelve at night. We were sent to clean the machinery on the Sunday." Man interviewed in 1849 who had worked in a mill as a child. "Very often the children are woken at four in the morning. The children are carried on the backs of the older children asleep to the mill, and they see no more of their parents till they go home at night and are sent to bed." Richard Oastler, interviewed in 1832. "When I was seven years old I went to work at Mr Marshall’s factory at Shrewsbury. If a child became sleepy, the overlooker touches the child on the shoulder and says "come here". In the corner of the room there is an iron cistern filled with water. He takes the boy by the legs and dips him in the cistern, and then sends him back to work." Jonathan Downe,interviewed in June 1832. "I have seen my master, Luke Taylor, with a horse whip standing outside the mill when the children have come too late.........he lashed them all the way to the mill." John Fairbrother, an overlooker, interviewed in 1819. On-the-job expectations?

9. "We went to the mill at five in the morning. We worked until dinner time and then to nine or ten at night; on Saturday it could be till eleven and often till twelve at night. We were sent to clean the machinery on the Sunday." Man interviewed in 1849 who had worked in a mill as a child. "Very often the children are woken at four in the morning. The children are carried on the backs of the older children asleep to the mill, and they see no more of their parents till they go home at night and are sent to bed." Richard Oastler, interviewed in 1832. "When I was seven years old I went to work at Mr Marshall’s factory at Shrewsbury. If a child became sleepy, the overlooker touches the child on the shoulder and says "come here". In the corner of the room there is an iron cistern filled with water. He takes the boy by the legs and dips him in the cistern, and then sends him back to work." Jonathan Downe,interviewed in June 1832. "I have seen my master, Luke Taylor, with a horse whip standing outside the mill when the children have come too late.........he lashed them all the way to the mill." John Fairbrother, an overlooker, interviewed in 1819. On-the-job expectations?

10. Wages in Lancashire in 1830 - Weekly Age of Worker Male Wages Female Wages under 112s 3d.2s. 4d. 11 - 164s. 1d.4s. 3d. 17 - 2110s. 2d. 7s. 3d. 22 - 2617s. 2d. 8s. 5d. 27 - 3120s. 4d. 8s. 7d. 32 - 3622s. 8d.8s. 9d. 37 - 4121s. 7d.9s. 8d. 42 - 4620s. 3d.9s. 3d. 47 - 5116s. 7d.8s. 10d. 52 - 5616s. 4d.8s. 4d. 57 - 6113s. 6d.6s. 4d.

11. Wages in Lancashire in 1830 - Weekly Age of Worker Male Wages Female Wages under 112s 3d.2s. 4d. 11 - 164s. 1d.4s. 3d. 17 - 2110s. 2d. 7s. 3d. 22 - 2617s. 2d. 8s. 5d. 27 - 3120s. 4d. 8s. 7d. 32 - 3622s. 8d.8s. 9d. 37 - 4121s. 7d.9s. 8d. 42 - 4620s. 3d.9s. 3d. 47 - 5116s. 7d.8s. 10d. 52 - 5616s. 4d.8s. 4d. 57 - 6113s. 6d.6s. 4d. Women become part of the workforce like they never had before!

12. Jobs: Domestic Servants – Highest # of women Textile factories Other factories: Producing bricks, cement, glass, metal, etc Paper mills Women in the Workforce

13. s = shilling d = penny 1 £ or 1 pound (main British monetary unit, similar to a Dollar or a Euro) = 20 shillings = 240 pennies Wages in Lancashire in 1830 - Weekly Age of Worker Male Wages Female Wages under 112s 3d.2s. 4d. 11 - 164s. 1d.4s. 3d. 17 - 2110s. 2d. 7s. 3d. 22 - 2617s. 2d. 8s. 5d. 27 - 3120s. 4d. 8s. 7d. 32 - 3622s. 8d.8s. 9d. 37 - 4121s. 7d.9s. 8d. 42 - 4620s. 3d.9s. 3d. 47 - 5116s. 7d.8s. 10d. 52 - 5616s. 4d.8s. 4d. 57 - 6113s. 6d.6s. 4d.

14. Wages in Lancashire in 1830 - Weekly Age of Worker Male Wages Female Wages under 112s 3d.2s. 4d. 11 - 164s. 1d.4s. 3d. 17 - 2110s. 2d. 7s. 3d. 22 - 2617s. 2d. 8s. 5d. 27 - 3120s. 4d. 8s. 7d. 32 - 3622s. 8d.8s. 9d. 37 - 4121s. 7d.9s. 8d. 42 - 4620s. 3d.9s. 3d. 47 - 5116s. 7d.8s. 10d. 52 - 5616s. 4d.8s. 4d. 57 - 6113s. 6d.6s. 4d. s = shilling d = penny 1 £ or 1 pound (main British monetary unit, similar to a Dollar or a Euro) = 20 shillings = 240 pennies In 1830, 1£ would have the same spending worth of today's £49.49 (about $80)…

15. Wages in Lancashire in 1830 - Weekly Age of Worker Male Wages Female Wages under 112s 3d.2s. 4d. 11 - 164s. 1d.4s. 3d. 17 - 2110s. 2d. 7s. 3d. 22 - 2617s. 2d. 8s. 5d. 27 - 3120s. 4d. 8s. 7d. 32 - 3622s. 8d.8s. 9d. 37 - 4121s. 7d.9s. 8d. 42 - 4620s. 3d.9s. 3d. 47 - 5116s. 7d.8s. 10d. 52 - 5616s. 4d.8s. 4d. 57 - 6113s. 6d.6s. 4d. s = shilling d = penny 1 £ or 1 pound (main British monetary unit, similar to a Dollar or a Euro) = 20 shillings = 240 pennies In 1830, 1£ would have the same spending worth of today's £49.49 (about $80)… how many weeks would it take to make 1£ ?

16. Wages in Lancashire in 1830 - Weekly Age of Worker Male Wages Female Wages under 112s 3d.2s. 4d. 11 - 164s. 1d.4s. 3d. 17 - 2110s. 2d. 7s. 3d. 22 - 2617s. 2d. 8s. 5d. 27 - 3120s. 4d. 8s. 7d. 32 - 3622s. 8d.8s. 9d. 37 - 4121s. 7d.9s. 8d. 42 - 4620s. 3d.9s. 3d. 47 - 5116s. 7d.8s. 10d. 52 - 5616s. 4d.8s. 4d. 57 - 6113s. 6d.6s. 4d. s = shilling d = penny 1 £ or 1 pound (main British monetary unit, similar to a Dollar or a Euro) = 20 shillings = 240 pennies In 1830, 1£ would have the same spending worth of today's £49.49 (about $80)… how many weeks would it take to make 1£ ? In the early 1800s…. 1 pound of tea (16 ounces, NOT a £ ) = 6 shillings Typical rent for a family = 5 shillings a month

17. The Coal Mines

18. Coal was one of the main sources of power for the factories. How do you get coal? You have to mine it! Mining was one of the most dangerous jobs in the Industrial Revolution (and still is!), but people needed to work, and the factories needed coal, so…

19. ‘'Children began their life in the coal mines at five, six or seven years of age. Girls and women worked like boys and men… There were from twelve to fourteen working hours in the twenty-four, and these were often at night A common form of labor consisted of drawing on hands and knees over the inequalities of a passageway not more than two feet or twenty-eight inches high a car or tub filled with three or four hundred weight of coal, attached by a chain and hook to a leather band around the waist.' From “An Introduction to the Industrial and Social History of England,” 1920, Edward Potts Cheyney

20. A report on deaths in coal mines to Parliament gave a list of ways miners could be killed :

21. * falling down a mine shaft on the way down to the coal face * falling out of the ‘bucket’ bringing you up after a shift * being hit by a fall of dug coal falling down a mine shaft as it was lifted up * drowning in the mine * crushed to death * killed by explosions * suffocation by poisonous gas * being run over by a tram carrying dug coal in the mine itself

22. CHILD LABOR

23. Children were employed for four simple reasons : 1.there were plenty of them in orphanages and they could be replaced easily if accidents did occur 2.they were much cheaper than adults as a factory owner did not have to pay them as much 3.they were small enough to crawl under machinery to tie up broken threads or replace small parts 4.they were young enough to be bullied by 'strappers' (work overseers) – adults were bigger, so they were less afraid

24. Wages in Lancashire in 1830 - Weekly Age of Worker Male Wages Female Wages under 112s 3d.2s. 4d. 11 - 164s. 1d.4s. 3d. 17 - 2110s. 2d. 7s. 3d. 22 - 2617s. 2d. 8s. 5d. 27 - 3120s. 4d. 8s. 7d. 32 - 3622s. 8d.8s. 9d. 37 - 4121s. 7d.9s. 8d. 42 - 4620s. 3d.9s. 3d. 47 - 5116s. 7d.8s. 10d. 52 - 5616s. 4d.8s. 4d. 57 - 6113s. 6d.6s. 4d. s = shilling d = penny 1 £ or 1 pound (main British monetary unit, similar to a Dollar or a Euro) = 20 shillings = 240 pennies In 1830, 1£ would have the same spending worth of today's £49.49 (about $80)… how many weeks would it take to make 1£ ? In the early 1800s…. 1 pound of tea (16 ounces, NOT a £ ) = 6 shillings Typical rent for a family = 5 shillings a month

26. Since children were small, they could crawl or reach into parts of the machines that adults could not.

27. A Children’s Home in London for kids who lost limbs working in the factories or mines

28. “Breaker Boys” – separate impurities in the coal, by hand for 12-14 hours a day.

29. Industrialization caused a huge growth in the size of British cities. Later, the cities on continental Europe had similar growth in numbers and size (Paris, Berlin, etc...) Urbanization

30. ENGLAND: In 1695, the population of Britain was estimated to be 5.5 million. By 1801, it was 9.3 million. By 1841, it was15.9 million. This represents a 60% growth rate in just 40 years. FROM farm TO city: In 1750: 8 of 10 English people lived in the country In 1850: 5 of 10 English people lived in the country

31. ENGLAND: In 1695, the population of Britain was estimated to be 5.5 million. By 1801, it was 9.3 million. By 1841, it was15.9 million. This represents a 60% growth rate in just 40 years. FROM farm TO city: In 1750: 8 of 10 English people lived in the country In 1850: 5 of 10 English people lived in the country CALCULATE: In 1841, around how many people lived in the country? Hint: check out the population above…

32. 1800: 3% world’s population live in cities 1900: 14% 1950: 30% 2008: 50% 2050 (estimated): 70% Urban Growth Worldwide… A minor tangent….

33. 1800: 3% world’s population live in cities 1900: 14% 1950: 30% 2008: 50% 2050 (estimated): 70% How do we explain these numbers? What do urban areas provide? What do rural areas provide? How does global population affect this? Urban Growth Worldwide… A minor tangent….

34. “SKOOL” or an edumacation

35. 1. Most people vastly (very) under-educated. Why?  kids were working in factories  emphasis on work ability, not knowledge

36. “SKOOL” or an edumacation 2. People running the schools were uneducated

38. Good Teacher! … or at least, educated!

39. “SKOOL” or an edumacation 3. Literacy rates in 1850:  2/3 women could not read or write  1/2 of men could not read or write 4. The law steps in… 1830s – laws start requiring about 2 hours of education a day 1880s – 6 hours required

40. “New” (revised?) social classes: Wealthy: Nobles still, but also factory owners now are making $$$$$. You could also get very wealthy by investing your money in certain industries like textiles, coal, steel, etc… And you could hang with these people!

41. “New” (revised?) social classes: Middle Class: Doctors, lawyers, merchants, managers for factories/businesses More income, more spending money, more things bought, more things need to be produced, more work needed, more people working… BACK TO more income, more spending money… See where this all goes?

42. “New” (revised?) social classes: Urban Poor: Largest group. Mostly factory workers. Making more money than ever before, but still horrible working. Lived in slum-like urban areas. Hard to move up the social ladder.

43. “New” (revised?) social classes: Wealthy: Nobles still, but also factory owners now. You could also get very wealthy by investing your money in certain industries like textiles, coal, steel, etc… Middle Class: Doctors, lawyers, merchants, managers for factories/businesses Urban Poor: Largest group, factory workers, lived in slum like conditions. Hard to move up the social ladder

44. LIVING CONDITIONS

46. Disease widespread; epidemics, like cholera, sweep urban slums Why?  overcrowding Life expectancy in general was around 40 years In large cities  Much lower, around 20 years Wealthy merchants, factory owners live in luxurious suburban homes  outside the city Rapidly growing cities lack sanitary codes, lack building codes In cities there is almost no adequate housing, education, or police protection

47. One account… You went down one step even from the foul area into the cellar in which a family of human beings lived. It was very dark inside. The window- panes were many of them broken and stuffed with rags, which was reason enough for the dusky light that pervaded the place even at mid- day. After the account I have given of the state of the street, no one can be surprised that on going into the cellar inhabited by Davenport, the smell was so fetid as almost to knock the two men down. Quickly recovering themselves, as those [used] to such things do, they began to penetrate the thick darkness of the place, and to see three or four little children rolling on the damp, nay wet, brick floor, through which the stagnant, filthy moisture of the street oozed up; the fireplace was empty and black; the wife sat on her husband's lair, and cried in the dank loneliness.

48. Large towns were desperately unhealthy, with numbers of deaths from disease and infection at a level not seen since the Black Death.

49. Immediate Benefits Creates jobs, enriches nation, encourages technological progress Education expands, clothing cheaper, diet and housing improve Workers eventually win shorter hours, better wages and conditions Positive Effects of the Industrial Revolution

50. Immediate Benefits Creates jobs, enriches nation, encourages technological progress Education expands, clothing cheaper, diet and housing improve Workers eventually win shorter hours, better wages and conditions Long-Term Effects Improved living and working conditions still evident today Governments use increased tax revenues for urban improvements Positive Effects of the Industrial Revolution

51. Activity: Rock, Paper, Scissors Do not ask me questions about this activity. Trust me that there is a lesson in this.

52. Activity: Rock, Paper, Scissors Do not ask me questions about this activity. Trust me that there is a lesson in this. You will be playing Rock, Paper, Scissors for tokens. Process: One, Two, Three, Go! Winner gets a token from the loser. Final winner gets a prize! No tokens? You have one try to win a token and keep playing. After the first round, if you have no tokens you are out of the game and must sit down. Do not ask me questions about this activity.

53. Quick-Write 1. How did you feel at the start of the game? 2. How did you feel when you ran out of candy and had to quit the game? Explain. 3. What tactics could you have used to get back into the game? Why didn’t you try those tactics? 4. Do you think this game was fair? Why or why not? 5. Now that the game is over, what action could the teacher take, if any, to make the game fair? Should the teacher take such an action? Why or why not?

54. What if we had a ROUND TWO? I will collect your tokens and pass them out again. If we played again… SAME RULES: You will be playing Rock, Paper, Scissors for tokens. Process: One, Two, Three, Go! Winner gets a token from the loser. Final winner gets a prize! No tokens? You have one try to win a token and keep playing. After the first round, if you have no tokens you are out of the game and must sit down.

55. Immediate Benefits Creates jobs, enriches nation, encourages technological progress Education expands, clothing cheaper, diet and housing improve Workers eventually win shorter hours, better wages and conditions Long-Term Effects Improved living and working conditions still evident today Governments use increased tax revenues for urban improvements Positive Effects of the Industrial Revolution

56. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kTSxo3175ec&

57. www.gapminder.org