1. Standard American English and Dialects The Social Nature of Language Groups and Perceptions

2. The validity of communicated ideas lies not in the logic of the ideas themselves but rather in the way in which they are communicated.

3. Language as a Social Construction Variations of Speech Spoken and Written Sources Community School Television Multidilectalism “Many a cultured American is master of two levels of speech and uses them at his will.” p.9 Krath, Hans. A Word Geography of the Eastern United States. United States, University of Michigan: 1970

4. Language as a Social Construction Speech continuum Cultivated speech Common speech Folk speech

5. Language Perceptions Just as language is socially constructed, so are the perceptions about speakers of speech variations. Language boundary lines are socially created during early socialization. Language continuum blurs these lines.

6. Language Perceptions Identity groups national ethnic racial social generational regional gender Stereotypes intelligence education social status manners morality

7. Language Perceptions Dialectical Groupings Stereotypes intelligence education social status manners morality SAE high positive Dialects Low negative

8. Social Stability “Recognizing that there is a direct link between language and the perception of social instability, scholars have given renewed attention to linguistic attitudes.” p. 131 Preston, Dennis R. Needed Research in American Dialectics. Duke University, Duke University Press for the American Dialect Society: 2003

9. Social Stability SAE’s positive perceptions Success Education Business Politics Media Celebrities Global community Discourages local dialects

10. Conclusion All dialects have the same functional value Dialects have unequal social value The arbitrary and social nature of language construction with accompanying perceptions allows communication to be laced with multiple layers of meaning for speakers and listeners alike.

11. Standard American English and Dialects The Social Nature of Language Groups and Perceptions