1. Implications of Psycholinguistic Research 1 Accessibility of L2 linguistic elements depends on acquisition, storage, and automatic retrieval. DO THINGS THAT PROMOTE THESE Review of Psycholinguistics chapter.

2. Implications of Psycholinguistic Research 2 L2 linguistic knowledge is not stable. REMEMBER THIS AND ACT ACCORDINGLY Review of Psycholinguistics chapter.

3. Implications of Psycholinguistic Research 3 L2 acquisition does not have negative consequences for cognitive processing REASSURE PARENTS WHO WORRY ABOUT BILINGUAL / SECOND LANGUAGE EDUCATION Review of Psycholinguistics chapter.

4. Questions to ask yourself throughout the chapter Why should I know this as a language teacher? Why should I know this as a business person, etc. Llamas, Carmen and Peter Stockwell. 2010. Sociolinguistics. Second Language Acquisition. In Norbert Schmitt, editor. An Introduction to Applied Linguistics, 2nd edition, Chapter 9, pp. 143-160. London: Hodder Education.

5. Importance of Sociolinguistics  Communicative Competence  Intercultural communication / understanding  Avoiding Misunderstandings  For EVERYONE, not just language people (IF you approach it right) Llamas, Carmen and Peter Stockwell. 2010. Sociolinguistics. Second Language Acquisition. In Norbert Schmitt, editor. An Introduction to Applied Linguistics, 2nd edition, Chapter 9, pp. 143-160. London: Hodder Education.

6. Sociolinguistics—First Take “The most obvious definition of ‘sociolinguistics’ is that it is the study of language in society.” “However, if it was as easy as that, then almost every language event would form a part of the field of sociolinguistics.” Llamas, Carmen and Peter Stockwell. 2010. Sociolinguistics. Second Language Acquisition. In Norbert Schmitt, editor. An Introduction to Applied Linguistics, 2nd edition, Chapter 9, pp. 143-160. London: Hodder Education, p. 143.

7. Sociolinguistics—Second Take “So, Sociolinguistics is the study of the linguistic indicators of culture and power.” Llamas, Carmen and Peter Stockwell. 2010. Sociolinguistics. Second Language Acquisition. In Norbert Schmitt, editor. An Introduction to Applied Linguistics, 2nd edition, Chapter 9, pp. 143-160. London: Hodder Education, p. 143.

8. Sociolinguistics—Third Take “So, finally and centrally, sociolinguistics is the study of language variation and language change.” Llamas, Carmen and Peter Stockwell. 2010. Sociolinguistics. Second Language Acquisition. In Norbert Schmitt, editor. An Introduction to Applied Linguistics, 2nd edition, Chapter 9, pp. 143-160. London: Hodder Education, p. 143.

9. Sociolinguistics—Fourth Take Sociolinguistics is the study of language variation (synchronic or diachronic) and its correlation with social factors.

10. Sociolinguistic Variation Synchronic (variation at any point in time) A B C D Diachronic (variation at different points in time) Llamas, Carmen and Peter Stockwell. 2010. Sociolinguistics. Second Language Acquisition. In Norbert Schmitt, editor. An Introduction to Applied Linguistics, 2nd edition, Chapter 9, pp. 143-160. London: Hodder Education, based on p. 143.

11. Key Concepts in Language Variation 1. Idiolect and Sociolect 2. Standard, Non-Standard, and Codification 3. Prestige, Stigmatization, and Language Loyalty 4. Dialect, Accent, and Language Planning 5. Speech Communities Llamas, Carmen and Peter Stockwell. 2010. Sociolinguistics. Second Language Acquisition. In Norbert Schmitt, editor. An Introduction to Applied Linguistics, 2nd edition, Chapter 9, pp. 143-160. London: Hodder Education, based on pp. 144-146.

12. What is a “standard” language?  Codified: “grammar books and dictionaries are written promoting the form”  Used by the government, in the education system, in newspapers and other media (such as TV) and promoted as THE standard form of the language  Called CORRECT; called PROPER Llamas, Carmen and Peter Stockwell. 2010. Sociolinguistics. Second Language Acquisition. In Norbert Schmitt, editor. An Introduction to Applied Linguistics, 2nd edition, Chapter 9, pp. 143-160. London: Hodder Education, based on p. 144.

13. Standard and Non-Standard Varieties Description and Attitudes Standard Non-Standard Standardized/Codified Maybe yes/no Official sanction Maybe yes/no Widely Promoted Maybe yes/no Gatekeeping Function Maybe indirectly High Prestige Low Prestige Valued Stigmatized “Correct” “Incorrect” “Refined” “Unrefined” Llamas, Carmen and Peter Stockwell. 2010. Sociolinguistics. Second Language Acquisition. In Norbert Schmitt, editor. An Introduction to Applied Linguistics, 2nd edition, Chapter 9, pp. 143-160. London: Hodder Education, based on p. 145.

14. What’s a speech community?  In “English” we say:  In “American English” we say:  In “West coast American English” we say:  In “West coast American English spoken by people/men my age we say:

15. Language Pronouncements Think: S peech Communities  Some people do not pronounce the /r/ in 'farm'. Vague  Some English-speaking people do not pronounce the /r/ in 'farm'.Vague  Some British / American people do not pronounce the /r/ in 'farm'. Better  RP speakers of British English do not pronounce the /r/ in 'farm'. Even Better NOT all British English speakers may belong to the same speech community.

16. Linguistic Variables 1. Phonological Variation 2. Grammatical Variation 3. Lexical Variation 4. Discoursal Variation 5. Linguistic Variation Llamas, Carmen and Peter Stockwell. 2010. Sociolinguistics. Second Language Acquisition. In Norbert Schmitt, editor. An Introduction to Applied Linguistics, 2nd edition, Chapter 9, pp. 143-160. London: Hodder Education, based on pp. 146-150.

17. Social Factors 1. Geography / Region 2. Social Class 3. Gender 4. Age 5. Audience 6. Identity 7. Social Network Relations Llamas, Carmen and Peter Stockwell. 2010. Sociolinguistics. Second Language Acquisition. In Norbert Schmitt, editor. An Introduction to Applied Linguistics, 2nd edition, Chapter 9, pp. 143-160. London: Hodder Education, based on pp. 150-151.

18. Additional Topics of Interest  Code-switching  Diglossia  Language Policy / Planning  Language Death  Language Contact  Pidgins  Creoles Llamas, Carmen and Peter Stockwell. 2010. Sociolinguistics. Second Language Acquisition. In Norbert Schmitt, editor. An Introduction to Applied Linguistics, 2nd edition, Chapter 9, pp. 143-160. London: Hodder Education, based on pp. 149-150.

19. Experimental / Elicitation Techniques  Interviews  Questionnaires (spoken / written)  Think-Aloud Protocols (with reading passage)  Role-Play  Storytelling  Naturalistic Techniques  Various Elicitation Techniques Llamas, Carmen and Peter Stockwell. 2010. Sociolinguistics. Second Language Acquisition. In Norbert Schmitt, editor. An Introduction to Applied Linguistics, 2nd edition, Chapter 9, pp. 143-160. London: Hodder Education, based on p. 151.