1. Video Technology The Camera – Your Visual Storytelling Tool

2. Some review of what we should know by now…

3. Video Scanning Process Pixels Persistence of vision NTSC 525 scan lines (480 used) x 640 rows 4:3 aspect ratio 30 fps interlaced -- 60 fields

4. Video Scanning Process …..cont…. HDTV / DTV 480 720 1080 scan lines Interlaced or progressive scan 24, 30, or 60 frame rate ‘4K’/ Ultra HD now available  Blu Ray move up to 4K Encoding and decoding visual and aural information

5. Film The film itself is the imaging device Fast vs. slow Color vs. B&W Negative vs. reversal Tungsten or daylight Video: it’s the chip that changes light information into electrical information CCD or CMOS sensor

6. Principles of video color Light hits chip (1 or 3 chips) Beam splitter splits into the 3 primary colors (electrical signals) Other end—LCD, Plasma, LED etc. 3 attributes of color Hue, saturation, luminance Chrominance : hue & saturation

7. Color (cont.) HUE... Primary colors: RGB Complementary colors Cyan, magenta, yellow White: all colors; Black: absence

8. Color continued... Saturation Intensity or vividness of color Hue & Saturation=chrominance Luminance = brightness Vectorscope & waveform monitor

9. Camera Lens Focal length…how wide or narrow Fixed focal length (prime) Zoom Lens Distance from front to back glass Focus: soft, sharp Depth of field / rack focus, selective focus

10. Camera Lenses Front focus to focus a zoom lens Back focus : use macro flange at back of lens F-stop aperture (iris opening) F-22, 16, 11, 8, 5.6, 4 (double/half) Don’t use to compensate for lighting

11. CCU and Cameras CCU for settings Tally lights Lighting & filters (next week) White balance Critical focus AGC / gain / decibels

12. Reminder – Shot composition WS/MS/CU Magic of Movie Editing Shot, Master Scene, Invisible Editing Language of visual storytelling Cut Off Lines Point of View / Angles Eye Line, Rule of Thirds, ‘painting’

13. Camera Mounts & movements Look back at field of view LS/WS, est. shot, MS, CU, 2-shot, ots or o/s, head room, look space, cut-off lines, lead room, etc. Depth composition –lighting, plus  Z-axis, foreground image, vanishing point, selective focus, depth of field Angle : eye level/high/low/canted  Symmetrical shots

14. Camera Mounts & movements Pedestal or tripod Jib, crane, dolly, track, Mounting head (friction or fluid) Camera movements Pan, tilt, truck, dolly, arc, zoom, boom, crane, steady-cam, tracking, DVE, robotic control

15. Cinematography Framing the shot, PLUS Good lighting and camera setting ‘Beautiful image’ Visualize it Implement It ‘Artist’

16. Pull this together Develop a great idea Communicate to an audience Script development Understand and use the technical issues of the equipment ‘Visual Storytelling’ – content to the Target Audience appeals