1. St. John in the Wilderness1 Passion, Politics, and Protest: The English Reformation European Backdrop European Backdrop –The weakening of the Papacy The Babylonish Captivity – Popes in France The Babylonish Captivity – Popes in France The Great Schism – ended in 1417 The Great Schism – ended in 1417 The growth of nationalism The growth of nationalism Increased access to the Word of God Increased access to the Word of God –Vernacular –Impact on monopoly on God –Corruption of the Church Sale of indulgences Sale of indulgences –Martin Luther – 1517 – German Princes Protests against the corruptioni Protests against the corruptioni –Growth of Humanism Sir Thomas More, Erasmus Sir Thomas More, Erasmus Scholarship – study of the bible, and reform through classical scholarship Scholarship – study of the bible, and reform through classical scholarship

2. St. John in the Wilderness2 Passion, Politics, and Protest: The English Reformation England on the Eve of the Reformation England on the Eve of the Reformation –Political upheaval Wars of the Roses Wars of the Roses –Economic strife –Henry VII (1485-1509) Peace Peace

3. St. John in the Wilderness3 Passion, Politics, and Protest: The English Reformation The Catholic Church in England on the Eve of the Reformation The Catholic Church in England on the Eve of the Reformation –Anti-Papal Sentiment Babylonish captivity – money to France Babylonish captivity – money to France Appointment of Italians to church positions in England Appointment of Italians to church positions in England System of Appeals to Rome – delayed justice System of Appeals to Rome – delayed justice

4. St. John in the Wilderness4 Passion, Politics, and Protest: The English Reformation –Church reform movements John Wycliffe (1328-84) and the Lollards John Wycliffe (1328-84) and the Lollards –English translation of the Bible –Against Ecclesiastical ownership of land –Bible as sole source of authority –Questioned transubstantiation

5. St. John in the Wilderness5 Passion, Politics, and Protest: The English Reformation  Church in Society  Church holds central position in society  No choice  Recognition that Church had right to control life in this world  Right to levy tax  Fine or punish if broke Church law  Church obligated to society as well  Education  Poor-relief  Nursing of the Sick  Chief recreation – through processions, plays, spectacles, fairs, markets  Parish Clergy – usually of peasant stock  Known and loved – an integral part of village society