1. The Lasting Impacts of Transatlantic Trade

2. Impacts of Transatlantic Trade Abuse of enslaved populations. Wealth for colonizers/revitalization of European economy. Perhaps the largest impact is Cultural Diffusion. – the blending of beliefs and customs to different groups Transplanting of Europeans to various parts of the world. Transplanting of Africans to various parts of the world. The creation of the African Diaspora. Miscegenation: Mixing of old & new world populations to create new identities. Racism i.e. exploitation based solely on race and development of arguments of inferiority.

3. New Identities Produced The following factors all led to new identities in the New World: 1)Indian population decrease 2)African Diaspora 3)European Migration 4)Mixing of Populations (miscegenation)

4. Contributors to Indian Population Reduction Diseases: – European diseases such as small pox reduced Native populations in some countries by as much as 90%. War: – The inefficiency of Native weapons caused those who resisted European colonial efforts to be swiftly and violently wiped out. Labor: – Many Natives are unfit for such harsh work conditions and as a result many are worked to death

5. African Diaspora African Diaspora: the spread of Africans and their descendants throughout the world as a part of the transatlantic slave trade. Occurs initially due to the decrease in Native populations prompting the import of laborers from Africa. Enslaved Africans were imported to all parts of the Americas and later elsewhere in the world.

7. European Migration A relatively small number of European males migrated to Latin America and the Caribbean initially. To give an example from Mexico and Central America in 1570 only about 60,000 or 2 percent of the total population 3,096,000, was classified as white. By 1650 that white population had doubled to 120,000 roughly 6 percent of the depleted total of 1,880,000. At the close of the colonial era in 1825 about 1 million or 14 percent of the total population of just over 7 million was white.

9. Where Do People Originate From? Have you ever thought about how certain groups like Americans, Canadians, Mexicans, Australians or Brazilians came to be who they are today? Modern Day __________________ are descendants of whom?

10. Development of New World Identities As Europeans began to migrate and permanently settle in the New World they developed distinct identities as settlers. After time Europeans began to shed titles as being members of their European mother country and began to embrace new world identities. This happens due to two factors: – Independence from mother country – Miscegenation

11. Miscegenation Miscegenation: The intermixing of Indians, Africans, and Europeans created a multi-racial society. As groups began to mix, color became a status symbol in the New World and a complex structure based on race was created. Terms were created in order to distinguish between various groups in a given society.

12. Just A Few Titles Peninsulares: Europeans born in the Iberian Peninsula. Creoles: Children of European descent; the offspring of Peninsulares born in the Americas. Mestizo: Offspring of European and Indian unions. Comes from the Latin term mixticius, meaning mixed.Latin Mulatto: Children of European and African unions. Comes from the term mula which is Portuguese for mule. mule Zambos: Indians and Black. Comes from Congo term nzambu meaning monkey. Coyotes: Mestizos and Indian

13. Which is Hispanic/Which is Black?

14. Which is Brazilian?

15. Which Is European?

16. Racism as an outgrowth of New World Slavery Terms like black and white created to give/deny status to certain groups Studies done to prove inferiority of enslaved races intellectually Self hatred or aversion to certain identities especially African identity

17. Resources http://www.let.leidenuniv.nl/history/migratio n/chapter23.html