1. Chapter 16 Sec. 4: Black African Slavery

2. Slavery Existed since ancient times Existed since ancient times Before 1700’s: no moral or religious stigma Before 1700’s: no moral or religious stigma Ottoman Empire forbade the exportation of white slaves from regions under its control Ottoman Empire forbade the exportation of white slaves from regions under its control Portuguese then imported African slaves into the Iberian Peninsula Portuguese then imported African slaves into the Iberian Peninsula

3. African Presence in the Americas Shortage of labor Shortage of labor Settlers had no intension of doing manual labor themselves Settlers had no intension of doing manual labor themselves Used Native Americans but disease and wars killed hundreds of thousands Used Native Americans but disease and wars killed hundreds of thousands Imported African slaves Imported African slaves Africans sold other Africans as slaves Africans sold other Africans as slaves

6. Cont. U.S. marks the beginning of slavery in 1619 with the arrival of African slaves on a Dutch ship in Jamestown U.S. marks the beginning of slavery in 1619 with the arrival of African slaves on a Dutch ship in Jamestown 1725: est. 90% of the population of Jamaica was black slaves 1725: est. 90% of the population of Jamaica was black slaves

7. Slavery and the Transatlantic Economy 16 th century Portuguese and the Spanish 16 th century Portuguese and the Spanish Dutch in the 17 th century Dutch in the 17 th century Late 17 and 18 th century English Late 17 and 18 th century English European goods (guns) to Africa to be exchanged for slaves European goods (guns) to Africa to be exchanged for slaves Were traded from sugar and other products Were traded from sugar and other products African leaders conducted slave raids, so their captives could be sold to finance the purchase of more weapons African leaders conducted slave raids, so their captives could be sold to finance the purchase of more weapons

8. The Experience of Slavery 9 million transported 9 million transported Largest forced migration in history Largest forced migration in history New slaves, old slaves, and creoles New slaves, old slaves, and creoles Ones used to plantation life sold for more money Ones used to plantation life sold for more money Seasoning: learning to work Seasoning: learning to work Would sustain elements of their own culture and social structures Would sustain elements of their own culture and social structures

9. Cont. Took 2 generations for colonial language to dominate Took 2 generations for colonial language to dominate African nations would elect their own kings and queens African nations would elect their own kings and queens Revolts: South Carolina 1739, Jamaica 1760’s, and Haitian Revolution of the 1790’s Revolts: South Carolina 1739, Jamaica 1760’s, and Haitian Revolution of the 1790’s Revolt was communicated by African drums Revolt was communicated by African drums

10. Daily Life Differed from colony to colony Differed from colony to colony Black slaves leaving in Portuguese areas had fewest rights Black slaves leaving in Portuguese areas had fewest rights Corporal punishment for bad behavior Corporal punishment for bad behavior Law didn’t recognize slave marriages Law didn’t recognize slave marriages Children as slaves were slaves Children as slaves were slaves

12. Conversion to Christianity Would convert all slaves to Christianity Would convert all slaves to Christianity Spanish, French, and Portuguese were Roman Catholic Spanish, French, and Portuguese were Roman Catholic English became Protestants English became Protestants Some African religious practices survived: witches, healers, voodoo Some African religious practices survived: witches, healers, voodoo

13. European Racial Attitudes European considered Africans to be savages European considered Africans to be savages Both Christians and Muslims shared these attitudes in the Med. Both Christians and Muslims shared these attitudes in the Med.

14. Famous Revolts and Dates Saint Dominque (1794) Saint Dominque (1794) British outlawing the slave trade (1807) British outlawing the slave trade (1807) Latin American wars of independence Latin American wars of independence Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 and the Civil War Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 and the Civil War Brazilian emancipation (1888) Brazilian emancipation (1888)