2. JSR,Ppt3 Welcome to… The session on: Ethics in Qualitative Research

3. JSR,Ppt3 Outline Ethics in Research Conscienticising Research Ethics in Qualitative Research Ethical Issues of the Stages of Research

4. JSR,Ppt3 Conscienticising Research Research – conducted by humans dealing with human behavior – dealing with people (there’s always a question of ethics

5. JSR,Ppt3 Conscienticising Research cont … Ethical Concerns - beginning phase which justifies the conduct of research - treatment of human beings as subjects of research

6. JSR,Ppt3 Conscienticising Research The Council for International Organization of the Medical Sciences (CIOMS) addresses ethical concerns with the following guidelines:

7. JSR,Ppt3 Conscienticising Research cont … 1. Respect for persons, which includes both autonomy, or the respect for the self- determination of those who are capable of deliberating about their personal goals, and protection of persons with impaired or diminished autonomy;

8. JSR,Ppt3 Conscienticising Research 2. Maximize benefits and minimize harm 3. Do no harm 4. Justice, subjects be treated equally, and studies designed so that subject of study will also be beneficiaries of the study

9. JSR,Ppt3 Conscienticising Research Confidentiality and Privacy - Informed consent - Anonymity - Pseudonyms

10. JSR,Ppt3 Qualitative Research: Its implications for ethical behavior Human instrument to gather data Researcher and research participant are not separated but are bound together as one

11. JSR,Ppt3 Qualitative Research: Its implications for ethical behavior In the positivist approach there is an attempt to be objective by separating the observer from the observed - - dualist epistemology

12. JSR,Ppt3 Qualitative Research: Its implications for ethical behavior In the phenomenological approach, the researcher interacts with the person or persons being studied

13. JSR,Ppt3 Ethical Issues of the seven research stages Thematising – purpose should go beyond the scientific value of the knowledge sought and consider improvement of the human situation investigated Designing – obtain subject’s informed consent to participate in the study, securing confidentiality and considering possible consequences of the study on the subjects

14. JSR,Ppt3 Ethical Issues of the seven research stages Interview Situation – confidentiality of the subjects answers need to be clarified and consequences of the interview be taken into account, such as stress and changes in self- images Transcription – confidentiality plus faithful writing of the interviewee’s oral statements

15. JSR,Ppt3 Ethical Issues of the seven research stages Analysis – confidentiality and ethical considerations include how deeply and critically the interviews can be analyzed and whether subjects should have sat-in how their statements are interpreted Verification– ethical responsibility of researchers to report knowledge that is secured and verified as possible. Reporting – confidentiality and careful concern of the consequences of the published report

16. JSR,Ppt3 In Conclusion… - Client welfare: Helsinki Declaration of 1964, “In research on humans, the interest of science and society should never take precedence over considerations related to the well-being of the subject

17. JSR,Ppt3