1. Chapter Four

2. Writing the Proposal  What does the intended reader/audience need to understand better about the topic?  What does the audience know little about the topic?  What is the purpose of the study?  What /Who is being studied?  What is the setting/environment where the study is occurring?  What method is to be used?

3. Writing the Proposal (Cont.)  How will data be collected and analyzed?  How will the results be validated?  What ethical issues arise from the study?  What does the preliminary results about the practicality and value of the study to be conducted?

4. Format of Qualitative Constructivist / Interpretivist Research  Introduction  Procedures  State the assumptions in qualitative research  Provide the qualitative research strategy  Outline the role of the researcher  Detail the data collection procedures  Explain the strategies for validating the findings  Present the proposed narrative structure of the study

5. Format of Qualitative Constructivist / Interpretivist Research (cont.)  Anticipated Ethical Issues  Preliminary Findings  Expected Outcomes  Appendixes

6. Format of Advocacy / Participatory Research  Introduction  Procedures  State the assumptions in qualitative research  Provide the qualitative research strategy  Outline the role of the researcher  Detail the data collection & recording procedures  Describe the data analysis procedure and explain the strategies for validating the findings  Present the proposed narrative structure of the study

7. Format of Advocacy / Participatory Research (cont.)  Anticipated Ethical Issues  Significance of the Study  Preliminary Findings (if available)  Expected Advocacy / Participatory Changes  Appendixes

8. Qualitative Proposals Introduction  State the problem  Include existing literature about problem  Explain the significance of the study  State the purpose of the study  Present the research question

9. Qualitative Proposals Appendixes  Interview Questions  Observations  Observation Documents

10. Quantitative Proposals Introduction  State the problem  Include issue and/or significance of issue  State the purpose of the study  Define the theoretical perspective  Present the research question or hypothesis  Review the literature

11. Format of Quantitative Research (cont.)  Provide the Methods Used  State the Significance of the Study  Present the Preliminary Findings (if available)  Describe Anticipated Ethical Issues  Outline the Preliminary Study or Pilot  Appendixes

12. Quantitative Research Method  Method of Research  Research Design  Population, Sample and Participants  Data Collection – Variables, Instruments & Materials  Analysis Procedures

13. Ethical Issues To Anticipate  Ethical Issues in the Research Problem  Ethical issues in the Purpose Statement and Research Questions  Include in purpose statement purpose of study as explained to participants

14. Ethical Issues in Data Collection  Do not put Participants at Risk  Respect Vulnerable Populations  Develop an Informed Consent Form  Have participants sign before the study begins.  Do not coerce participants to participate  Respect confidentiality of participants identity & privacy

15. Ethical Issues in Data Collection (cont.)  Gain authorized access to research site  Leave research site undisturbed  In experimental studies, researchers must collect data so all participants benefit from treatment.  Not just the experimental group.  In qualitative studies, researchers should consider how interview will improve /impact the participants

16. Ethical Issues in Data Analysis and Interpretation  Study must protect the anonymity of individuals, rolls and incidents within the study.  Data must be safely stored  Clearly define ownership of data –researchers, participants or faculty advisors  Provide an accurate account of the information collected