1. Streams (Rivers)

2. Runoff: H 2 0 that does not sink into ground Most ends up in streams

3. How much, depends on terrain + amount of precip. Assume same precipitation for both. Which place would have More runoff?

4. Assume same precipitation for both. Which place would have More runoff?

5. Assume same precipitation for both. Which place would have More runoff?

6. People can increase runoff by: Removing vegetation (road building, bad farming, clear cutting)

7. Clear cut forest in Canada

8. Building large parking lots/buildings

9. Silt fence Water retention pond

10. Extra runoff can lead to: Loss of top soil Aquifers not being replenished (wells going dry) Flooding downstream

11. Load: Sediment carried by water Faster moving water carries more load

12. 3 main types of load: 1.Dissolved: minerals like NaCl 2.Suspended: silt, clay (makes water look muddy) 3.Bed: sand, gravel Bed Dissolved Suspended

13. Types of streams: 1.Meandering streams: on low slopes, fine sediment

14. Point bar: sediment deposited in slow water

15. Cut bank: where sediment is carried away in fast water Draw and label fastslow fast slow fast

16. Oxbow lake: remnant of stream

17. 2. Braided streams: bars and islands in middle

18. 3. Mountain stream: steep slope, no floodplain, straighter

19. Drainage basin: area drained by a stream

20. Divide: separates basins Ex.: Rocky Mnts. called Continental Divide

22. North Carolina river basins

23. Tributary: smaller stream that empties into a larger one

24. Canyon formation: River cuts down as land is uplifted

25. Uplift of the Colorado Plateaus forced rivers to cut down faster

26. Stream Deposition: erosion load deposition produces

27. Delta: Sediment deposition when stream reaches its base level

28. Alluvial fan: deposition when a stream flattens out

29. Stream discharge: Volume of water flowing in m 3 /s (or cfm)

30. Floodplain: Land next to stream that floods periodically

33. Dealing with floods has its problems.

34. 1. Levees: ridges (natural or artificial ) that contain a stream

36. 2. Channelizing can: Create flooding downstream Increase erosion Warm water by removing trees

37. Trap river organisms Trap sediment Expensive Flood land upstream 3. Dams: