1. Nuclear North Korea What is the potential harm of North Korea’s possession of nuclear weapons?

15. Power of Nuclear Weapons Most feared weapon of mass destruction. Causes instantaneous devastation. Effects of radiation after bombing. Cold War sparked a nuclear arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union.

16. United Nations, 1957 Encouraged “peaceful development of nuclear power” International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Began inspections of countries looking for harmful nuclear power

17. Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), 1968 Goal is to limit the spread of nuclear weapons. 1. Signees of the treaty do not have nuclear weapons and agree not to acquire them. 2. Those with nuclear weapons agree not to sell or trade them. 3. Freeze all future development 4. Encourage participating countries to disarm. 5. Provide guidelines and peaceful cooperation for the use of nuclear energy. PROBLEM: POLICY IS INCONSISTENT!

18. Agreed Framework, 1994 The objective of the agreement was for North Korea to stop using their nuclear power plant program and replace it with light water reactors which the United States viewed as less dangerous. We even said we would build them by 2003. This would allow for the United States and North Korea to work towards a better relationship. The IAEA would be allowed to monitor these plants. Problems concerning the Agreed Framework: 1. In 1999 the United States said they would not be built until 2007 or 2008. 2. North Korea threatened to resume its program if the 1994 agreement was not met.

19. 6 Party Talks, December 2002 Negotiations about North Korea’s nuclear program. Goal is to disarm North Korea. Six participating countries: North Korea South Korea China United States Russia Japan

21. North Korea’s Nuclear Weapons Program Early 90’s: Began nuclear program 1994: Agreed Framework (give up nukes for aid) Jan. 2002: Axis of Evil Speech by Pres. Bush Fall 2002: NK admitted they were working on their program for years Dec. 2002: Six Party Talks began Feb 2005: Admitted they had nuclear weapons and would no longer take part in the talks. October 2006: series of missile tests and its first nuclear test 2007: 6 party talks resumed in Beijing. March 2007: NK tests missiles; US suspends aid to NK 2008: Talks break down and tensions increased between NK and the US & SK April 2009: NK launched a satellite w/long range missile May 2009: NK conducts second nuclear test underground. Jan 2010: NK shows willingness to resume 6-party talks and end its nuclear program for better relations with the US December 2012: Launches a “satellite” into orbit February 2013: NK conducts its third and largest nuclear test

22. Why is a nuclear North Korea concerning? North and South Korea are technically still at war. A nuclear North Korea could trigger an East Asian arms race. North Korea could sell its weapons to terrorists. North Korea is unpredictable – unsure of how it could use its weapons.

26. Kim Jong-Il Out – Kim Jong-un In August 2012: Kim Jong-un agreed with the U.S. to suspend major elements of its atomic weapons program in exchange for food “Modest first step in the right direction” – Secretary of State Hillary Clinton December 2012: Launches a “satellite” into orbit February 2013: NK conducts its third and largest nuclear test

27. South Korea - Concerns 6 th largest military in the world One of the “4 Asian Tigers” (S.K., Taiwan, Hong Kong & Singapore) 13 th largest economy in the world If attacked by North Korea, would they lose everything they have? Park Geun-hye President of South Korea South Korea elected its first female president in December 2012