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National Institute for Environmental Studies The Eco-Town Programme in Japan René VAN BERKEL Chief, Cleaner and Sustainable Production Unit, United Nations.

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Presentation on theme: "National Institute for Environmental Studies The Eco-Town Programme in Japan René VAN BERKEL Chief, Cleaner and Sustainable Production Unit, United Nations."— Presentation transcript:

1 National Institute for Environmental Studies The Eco-Town Programme in Japan René VAN BERKEL Chief, Cleaner and Sustainable Production Unit, United Nations Industrial Development Organization With contributions from Prof Tsuyoshi FUJITA, Dr Shizuka HASHIMOTO, Prof GENG Yong and Dr. Munori FUJI

2 30 March 2011 Eco-Town Programme in Japan 2 Contents  Eco-Town Programme in Japan  1997-2006 Eco-Town Programme Recycling Projects Comparative Analysis Concluding Remarks

3 30 March 2011 Eco-Town Programme in Japan 3 Eco-Towns Industrial and Urban Symbiosis Industrial Symbiosis Urban Symbiosis Use of byproducts from cities in industrial operations Exploitation of synergistic opportunities arising from the geographic proximity of urban waste sources and potential industrial users through the transfer of physical resources (‘wastes’) for environmental and economic benefit Eco-Town Programme Use of industrial by-products in industrial operations Engages traditionally separate industries in a collective approach to competitive advantage involving physical exchange of materials, energy, water and/or by-products. The keys are collaboration and the synergistic possibilities offered by geographic proximity van Berkel, et all (2009) Industrial and Urban Symbiosis in Japan: analysis of the Eco-Town Program 1997-2006, J of Env Man, Vol 90, pg 1544-1556

4 30 March 2011 Eco-Town Programme in Japan 4 Eco-Town Programme  Context Legal framework for transition towards recycling-based society  Improve resource productivity by 40%  Increase recycling to 40%  Decrease landfill by 50% In 2010 compared to 2000  Aim Extend the life of existing landfill sites Revitalize ageing local industries Eco-Town Programme van Berkel, et all (2009) Industrial and Urban Symbiosis in Japan: analysis of the Eco-Town Program 1997-2006, J of Env Man, Vol 90, pg 1544-1556

5 30 March 2011 Eco-Town Programme in Japan 5 Eco-Town Programme van Berkel, et all (2009) Industrial and Urban Symbiosis in Japan: analysis of the Eco-Town Program 1997-2006, J of Env Man, Vol 90, pg 1544-1556 Eco-Town Programme

6 30 March 2011 Eco-Town Programme in Japan 6 Eco-Town Programme van Berkel, et all (2009) Industrial and Urban Symbiosis in Japan: analysis of the Eco-Town Program 1997-2006, J of Env Man, Vol 90, pg 1544-1556

7 30 March 2011 Eco-Town Programme in Japan 7 Example Eco-Towns Eco-Town Programme van Berkel, et all (2009) Industrial and Urban Symbiosis in Japan: analysis of the Eco-Town Program 1997-2006, J of Env Man, Vol 90, pg 1544-1556

8 30 March 2011 Eco-Town Programme in Japan 8 Kawasaki City of 1.3M inhabitants, midway between Tokyo and Yokohama Central location for metallurgical and chemical production in the Keihin industrial belt, driving Japanese economy in 1950-1970 1972 Pollution Prevention Ordinance in response to citizen’s protests From 1980’s industrial stagnation, and from 1990’s lacking landfill space In 1990’s conceptualized EcoTown programme which was approved in 1997 van Berkel, et all (2009) Quantitative Assessment of Urban and Industrial Symbiosis in Kawasaki, Env Sci & Tech, pg 1271-1281

9 30 March 2011 Eco-Town Programme in Japan 9 Recycling Projects van Berkel, et all (2009) Industrial and Urban Symbiosis in Japan: analysis of the Eco-Town Program 1997-2006, J of Env Man, Vol 90, pg 1544-1556

10 30 March 2011 Eco-Town Programme in Japan 10 Kawasaki (2006) van Berkel, et all (2009) Quantitative Assessment of Urban and Industrial Symbiosis in Kawasaki, Env Sci & Tech, pg 1271-1281 Recycling Projects

11 30 March 2011 Eco-Town Programme in Japan 11 Recycling Projects van Berkel, et all (2009) Industrial and Urban Symbiosis in Japan: analysis of the Eco-Town Program 1997-2006, J of Env Man, Vol 90, pg 1544-1556

12 30 March 2011 Eco-Town Programme in Japan 12 Motivation  Eco-Town Program drivers Waste management Availability of landfill space Development of recycling industries Need to achieve recycling targets Industry modernization Revert industry downturns resulting from opening of economy and exhaustion of mines Environmental remediation Environmental hot-spots Town planning and community development Strengthen sense of place and improve credibility of local government Analysis van Berkel, et all (2009) Industrial and Urban Symbiosis in Japan: analysis of the Eco-Town Program 1997-2006, J of Env Man, Vol 90, pg 1544-1556

13 30 March 2011 Eco-Town Programme in Japan 13 Motivation Analysis van Berkel, et all (2009) Industrial and Urban Symbiosis in Japan: analysis of the Eco-Town Program 1997-2006, J of Env Man, Vol 90, pg 1544-1556

14 30 March 2011 Eco-Town Programme in Japan 14 Recycling Projects 60 subsidised, 107 unsubsidised and further 39 planned Analysis van Berkel, et all (2009) Industrial and Urban Symbiosis in Japan: analysis of the Eco-Town Program 1997-2006, J of Env Man, Vol 90, pg 1544-1556

15 30 March 2011 Eco-Town Programme in Japan 15 Recycling Projects Analysis van Berkel, et all (2009) Industrial and Urban Symbiosis in Japan: analysis of the Eco-Town Program 1997-2006, J of Env Man, Vol 90, pg 1544-1556

16 30 March 2011 Eco-Town Programme in Japan 16 Characterization  Central principle is development and application of 3R concepts and technologies Principal benefit areas: Productivity Amenity Key stakeholders working with government Civil society Private sector Analysis van Berkel, et all (2009) Industrial and Urban Symbiosis in Japan: analysis of the Eco-Town Program 1997-2006, J of Env Man, Vol 90, pg 1544-1556

17 30 March 2011 Eco-Town Programme in Japan 17 Characterization Analysis van Berkel, et all (2009) Industrial and Urban Symbiosis in Japan: analysis of the Eco-Town Program 1997-2006, J of Env Man, Vol 90, pg 1544-1556

18 30 March 2011 Eco-Town Programme in Japan 18 Characterization Analysis van Berkel, et all (2009) Industrial and Urban Symbiosis in Japan: analysis of the Eco-Town Program 1997-2006, J of Env Man, Vol 90, pg 1544-1556

19 30 March 2011 Eco-Town Programme in Japan 19 Characterization 14 10 16 9 Analysis van Berkel, et all (2009) Industrial and Urban Symbiosis in Japan: analysis of the Eco-Town Program 1997-2006, J of Env Man, Vol 90, pg 1544-1556

20 30 March 2011 Eco-Town Programme in Japan 20 Quantitative Assessment: Kawasaki (2006) evaluation van Berkel, et all (2009) Quantitative Assessment of Urban and Industrial Symbiosis in Kawasaki, Env Sci & Tech, pg 1271-1281

21 30 March 2011 Eco-Town Programme in Japan 21 Quantitative Assessment: Kawasaki (2006) Waste diversion 565 kton/yr Input substitution 513 kton/yr evaluation van Berkel, et all (2009) Quantitative Assessment of Urban and Industrial Symbiosis in Kawasaki, Env Sci & Tech, pg 1271-1281

22 30 March 2011 Eco-Town Programme in Japan 22 Quantitative Assessment: Kawasaki (2006) Total economic benefit 13 billion JPY (~ 130 million USD) evaluation van Berkel, et all (2009) Quantitative Assessment of Urban and Industrial Symbiosis in Kawasaki, Env Sci & Tech, pg 1271-1281

23 30 March 2011 Eco-Town Programme in Japan 23 Discussion  Success factors for industrial symbiosis  License to operate Software component for local consultation and buy in Recycling legislation provided regulatory certainty that recycling is national priority Widespread recognition for need to remediate past industrial environmental pollution  Business case Recycling legislation provides guarantee for future supply of waste and willingness to pay Investment subsidies reduced investment risks Business development opportunity for industries in decline  Proven technology Technologies not yet available, but significant technological capabilities available from process industries, academia and research institutes Closing van Berkel, et all (2009) Industrial and Urban Symbiosis in Japan: analysis of the Eco-Town Program 1997-2006, J of Env Man, Vol 90, pg 1544-1556

24 30 March 2011 Eco-Town Programme in Japan 24 Concluding Remarks  Eco-Town Programme  Involved 26 local governments  Invested 1.65 billion USD (with average subsidy of 36%) in 60 new recycling projects with capacity of 2 million tpa  Catalyzed establishment of 107 un-subsidized recycling projects with a further 39 planned  Productivity benefits dominated over amenity benefits  Private sector more involved than civil society  Success driven by  Availability of investment subsidies  Coming into force of recycling legislation  Access to technological resources  Urgency to act on industrial environmental concerns van Berkel, et all (2009) Industrial and Urban Symbiosis in Japan: analysis of the Eco-Town Program 1997-2006, J of Env Man, Vol 90, pg 1544-1556 Closing

25 National Institute for Environmental Studies Thank You René VAN BERKEL r.vanberkel@unido.org

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