1. CARDIO-VASCULAR SYSTEM Circulation – pumping of blood through the entire body by the heart. Circulatory system Tajdar Husain Khan, Ph.D.

2. W HAT D OES C-V S YSTEM DO ? Circulate blood throughout entire body for Transport of oxygen to cells Transport of CO2 away from cells Transport of nutrients (glucose) to cells Movement of immune system components (cells, antibodies) Transport of endocrine gland secretions Tajdar Husain Khan, Ph.D.

3. H OW DOES IT DO IT ? Heart is pump Arteries and veins are main tubes (plumbing) A rteries A way from Heart Veins to Heart Diffusion happens in capillaries (oxygen, CO2, glucose diffuse in or out of blood) Tajdar Husain Khan, Ph.D.

4. Blood flows through the heart in one direction. Valves control the blood flow. The cardiac conduction system controls the electrical impulses that cause the heart to contract. The Heart Covered by the pericardium. Has two sides with two chambers. Tajdar Husain Khan, Ph.D.

5. Heart Chambers and Valves Tajdar Husain Khan, Ph.D.

6. Location of Heart in Thorax Tajdar Husain Khan, Ph.D.

7. Circulation Coronary circulation – the circulation of blood within the heart. Pulmonary circulation – the flow of blood between the heart and lungs. Systemic circulation – the flow of blood between the heart and the cells of the body. Systemic Pulmonary

8. Circulation Tajdar Husain Khan, Ph.D.

11. Blood Complex mixture of cells, water, and various proteins and sugars. Fifty-five percent is plasma (liquid). Forty-five percent is solid. Hematocrit – measurement of percentage of red blood cells. Leukocytes – 5 types of white blood cells protect against disease. Basophils. Eosinophils. Neutrophils. Lymphocytes. Monocytes. Common blood types are O, A, B, and AB. Rh-factor is a type of antigen that causes the body to produce antibodies. Rh+ means the Rh factor is present. Rh– means the Rh factor is not present. Tajdar Husain Khan, Ph.D.

12. Walls of Arteries and Veins Tunica externa –Outermost layer –CT w/elastin and collagen –Strengthens, Anchors Tunica media –Middle layer –Circular Smooth Muscle –Vaso-constriction/dilation Tunica intima –Innermost layer –Endothelium –Minimize friction Lumen

13. A RTERY /V EIN DIFFERENCES Arteries (aa.)Veins (vv.) Direction of flow Blood Away from Heart Blood to Heart PressureHigherLower WallsTHICKER: Tunica media thicker than tunica externa THINNER: Tunica externa thicker than tunica media LumenSmallerLarger ValvesNo valvesValves Tajdar Husain Khan, Ph.D.

15. C APILLARIES Microscopic--one cell layer thick Network Bathed in extracellular matrix of areolar tissue Entire goal of C-V system is to get blood into capillaries where diffusion takes place Tajdar Husain Khan, Ph.D.

16. Heart Wall Epicardium (most superficial) – Visceral pleura Myocardium (middle layer) –Cardiac muscle –Contracts Endocardium (inner) –Endothelium on CT –Lines the heart –Creates the valves Tajdar Husain Khan, Ph.D.

17. B LOOD SUPPLY TO HEART WALL Rt and Lft Coronary Arteries –Branch from Ascending Aorta –Have multiple branches along heart –Sit in Coronary Sulcus –Coronary Heart Disease Cardiac Veins –Coronary Sinus (largest) –Many branches feed into sinus –Sit in Coronary Sulcus Tajdar Husain Khan, Ph.D.

18. Hepatic Portal System Tajdar Husain Khan, Ph.D.

19. Lymphatic System…The Players: Lymph- clear fluid from loose areolar CT around capillaries Lymphatic capillaries (near blood capillaries)  Lymph collecting vessels (small, 3 tunicas, valves)  Lymph nodes (sit along collecting vessels)-clean lymph of pathogens, they are NOT glands Lymphatic trunks  (convergence large collecting vessels) –Lumbar, intestinal, bronchomediastinal, subclavian, jugular Lymphatic ducts  empty into veins of neck Tajdar Husain Khan, Ph.D.

20. Lymphatic System--Function Function: to collect excess tissue fluid collecting at arteriole end and return leaked blood proteins to blood (maintain osmotic pressure needed to take up water into bloodstream) Lymph moved through vessels –Pulse of nearby arteries –Contraction of surrounding skeletal muscle –Regular movement of body (wiggling legs) –Muscle in Tunica Media Lacteals-lymphatic capillaries w/unique function –In mucosa of small intestine, receive digested fat from intestine –Fatty lymph becomes milky = Chyle –Chyle goes to bloodstream Tajdar Husain Khan, Ph.D.