1. Coordinates of the Earth

2. I.Global Positioning Systems A. GPS is a system of angular measurements or precision grid lines drawn over maps and globes describing positions on the earth’s surface. B. The lines are measured in degrees.

3. C. GPS was used by primarily by mariners, aviators, and the military. D. These systems are now used world wide. (Do the pictures below give you any ideas how?)

4. II. GPS Jargon A.Latitude 1. Lines running horizontal to the equator (east and west) called parallels. 2. 0° is the equator, the imaginary line dividing our planet into the northern and southern hemispheres. 3. The North Pole 90° N Latitude and the South Pole 90° S Latitude 4. A degree of latitude is approximately 69 miles (111 km) apart.

5. 5. The earth is not a perfect sphere but an oblate ellipsoid (slightly egg-shaped), causing a variation in distance as you approach the poles.

7. B. Longitude 1. Vertical lines converging at the north and south poles called meridians. 2. 0° is the Prime Meridian running through Greenwich, England- an imaginary line dividing our planet into the eastern and western hemispheres. 3. Meridians run 180°east and 180° west ; meet in the Pacific Ocean. 4. Each degree is 69 miles (111 km) apart.

8. 5. In 1884 during a convention held at the British Royal Observatory in Greenwich, England, the Prime Meridian was established as the starting point for measuring degrees longitude worldwide. 6.The International Date Line located on the other side of the world is located in the middle of the Pacific Ocean and is still longitude. Photo by Matt Rosenberg

9. III.Divisions of the Earth A. Hemispheres

10. B. Additional Divisions

11. C. Precise Locations Using +/-

12. IV. How GPS Works… A.GPS devices functions as receivers. B.Receive radio wave frequency broadcast from orbiting satellites send to ground stations. C.24 satellites function worldwide all the time, 12 in each hemisphere.

13. D. When you turn on a GPS unit, it locates the four closet satellites. E. Triangulation from towers can identify your location.

14. V. Reading the Coordinates A.When reading the coordinates, they are read in the following sequence: Degrees, Minutes, Seconds, then Direction. B. 1 degree subdivided into 60 minutes C. 1 minute subdivided into 60 seconds D. Latitude is read before longitude.

15. E. Reading Practice 33 ⁰ 06’ 30”N, 96 ⁰ 39’ 27”W Read as 33 degrees, 6 minutes and 30 seconds of Latitude N of the equator and 96 degrees, 39 minutes 27 seconds of Longitude W of the Prime Meridian

16. VI. Display methods/same coordinates A. 33 ⁰ 06’30”N -96 ⁰ 39’27”W B. 33 ⁰ 06’30”N, 96 ⁰ 39’27”W C. 33 ⁰ 06’30”N/96 ⁰ 39’27”W

17. VII. Find me if you can!!!!! a.Using a program of your choice locate the following coordinates and write them below b.Cowboy stadium c.American Airline Center d.McKinney Court House e.Eagle Stadium f.Starbucks: Bethany and 75 g.http://blip.tv/gatm/longitude-and-latitude-song-563068