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Module 1 (Organic Chem, Inorganic Chem, Medicinal Chem)
RATIONALIZATION Module 1 (Organic Chem, Inorganic Chem, Medicinal Chem)
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-tetracyclic 1. It is the only unicyclic Antidepressant:
Lexapro -escitalopram Prozac - fluoxetine Wellbutrin - bupropion Remeron – mirtazapine -tetracyclic
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aspirin mercury copper aluminum
Thenard’s blue Reaction from: Aluminum heated in Sodium carbonate in Cobalt nitrate soln 2. The ion that gives positive result to Thenard’s Test causes: Reye’s syndrome - Minamata diseases - Wilson’s disease - Shaver’s disease - aspirin mercury copper aluminum
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-2nd -3rd 3. A fourth generation Cephalosporin: Axera – cefepime
Rocephin – ceftriaxone Zinacef – cefuroxime Monowel – cefoxitin -3rd -2nd
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4. A rule that states that when stress is applied to a system in equilibrium, the equilibrium shifts to relieve stress: Law of Conservation of Mass Law of Definite Proportion Law of Mass Action Le Chatelier’s Principle
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5. This element is present in Insulin:
Co Zn Mg Fe NOTA
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- Hydrated sodium sulfate - Potassium Sodium Tartrate /
6. It is administered in an ice-cold condition to lessen its disagreeable bitter taste; parenterally used as an anti convulsant: Glauber’s salt Rochelle salt Epsom salt Purgative lemonade - Hydrated sodium sulfate - Potassium Sodium Tartrate / Seignette’s salt - Mg sulfate
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7. The ion that gives a purple solution with Sodium bismuthate:
Cobalt Ferrous Manganese Ferric
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8. The sum of the number of protons & neutron:
Mass number Atomic weight - average mass of atoms of an element Isotope - atoms of the same element can have different numbers of neutrons Atomic number - # of protons present in nucleus
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Q#49 9. Principle which states that it is impossible to accurately determine simultaneously the position & motion of an electron: Pauli’s exclusion principle Aufbau principle Heisenberg principle NOTA The Aufbau (building up) Principle: an orbital cannot take more than 2 electrons.
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Proton donor 10. Acids have the following properties except:
pH below 7 acceptor of protons neutralizes base Sour taste
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11. Which of the ff is/are considered slow acetylators:
Eskimos Egyptians Filipinos Mediterranean Jews III only I and II only III and IV only II and IV only I and III only Eskimos and Orientals are rapid acetylators
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Active metabolite of cortisone Biotransformed by ketone reduction
I and II only III and IV only I, II and IV only I, III, and IV only AOTA 12. Which of the ff is/are parent drug/s? Digitoxin Hydrocortisone Primidone Propranolol Active metabolite of cortisone Biotransformed by ketone reduction
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13. An agent that prevents infection by the destruction of pathogenic microorganisms when applied to inanimate objects: Antiseptic Disinfectant Antibiotic Sanitizer Pesticide -living organisms
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14. A dye used as an antidote for cyanide poisoning:
Malachite green Methylene blue Phenolphthalein Gentian violet NOTA It promotes conversion of hemoglobin to methemoglobin, which because of its high affinity for cyanide ion diverts it from inactivating Cytochrome C
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15. The antibiotic that binds with Ribosome 30s subunit:
Chloramphenicol Tetracycline Erythromycin Lincomycin Penicillin 50S M-acrolide C-hloramphenicol C-lindamycin 30S A-minoglycosides T-etracycline
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16. Structure of the penicillin molecule shows it to contain a fused ring system which is the:
β – lactam thiazolidine structure β – lactam penam structure 6 – Aminopenicillinanic acid β – lactam phenylpenicillin ring β – lactam alkylamino ethyl ring
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17. Tienam is a combination of:
Piperacillin Cilastatin Tazobactam Imipenem II and IV I and II I and IV II and III I and III
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18. Vigocid is a combination of:
Piperacillin Cilastatin Tazobactam Imipenem II and IV I and II I and IV II and III I and III
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19. The 1st aminoglycoside antibiotic to be used in chemotherapy:
Amikacin Gentamicin Streptomycin Kanamycin Neomycin
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20. It is used primarily for treating polycythemia vera:
Hexamethylamine Asparaginase Tamoxifen Pipobroman Hydroxyurea
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21. Diamox is: Methazolamide Dichlorphenamide Amoxicillin
Hydrochlorothiazide Acetazolamide
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22. The major adverse effect of Midamor:
Hypokalemia Hyponatremia Hypocalcemia Hyperkalemia Hypomagnesemia Amiloride (K-sparing diuretic)
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Q#91(same) 23. The major source of histamine in the body results from the decarboxylation of this amino acid: Tryptophan Histidine Tyrosine Phenylalanine Arginine Serotonin Dopa-->NE/Epi
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24. A class of antibiotics that contain a macrocyclic ring bridged across two nonadjacent positions of an aromatic nucleus and called ansamycins: Cephalosporins Macrolides Penicillins Rifamycins Aminoglycosides
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25. Which of the following is/are side effect/s of dactinomycin?
Alopecia Bone marrow depression Nausea and vomiting I, II and III I and II II and III I only III only
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26. A semi-synthetic derivative of podophyllotoxin which in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents is the first choice treatment for small-cell lung cancer: Vinblastine Vincristine Doxorubicin Daunorubicin Etoposide Effective alone or in combination w/ other agents for refractory testicular tumors, acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin’s dse, Non Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Kaposi’s sarcoma
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acetaminophen tramadol
27. Which of the following is/are brand name/s of Ibuprofen: Tylenol Advil Siverol I only II only I and II only AOTA I and III acetaminophen tramadol
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10 mg dextro = 15mg dose of codeine in antitussive effect
28. Possesses the antitussive properties of codeine, without the analgesic, additive, central depressant, and constipating features: Levopropoxyphene Noscapine Dextromethorphan Caramiphen Benzonatate 10 mg dextro = 15mg dose of codeine in antitussive effect
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29. This is entitled when a neutron converts to a proton:
Positron Negatron Gamma rays Alpha rays - Proton neutron
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30. This describes the relative position of an energy level with respect to the other energy levels present: Principle quantum number Magnetic spin quantum number Subquantum number (l) Magnetic quantum number (m l) B. Is the magnetic component contributed by the spin of the electrons C. l describes the different electron distribution for a given n D. The magnetic contribution of angular momentum due to movement of electron in space.
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31. This is a chronic condition resembling tuberculosis in symptom:
Silicosis Parakeratosis Itai-Itai disease Minamata disease It develops after long exposure (7 yrs or more) to respirable dust (Silica particles)
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Q#54 32. Same molecular formula but different order of atomic linkages
Functional isomer Constitutional isomer Enantiomers Diastereomers
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Q#97 33. Cobalt meta-aluminate is: Rinman’s green Azure crystals
Thenard’s blue Emerald blue crystals Rinman’s green aka “Cobalt green” Reaction from: Zinc + cobalt nitrate Thenard’s blue aka “Cobalt blue” Aluminum heated in Sodium carbonate in Cobalt nitrate soln.
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Group II-B ( Zinc, Cadmium and Mercury)
34. This metals exhibit autocomplexation: Noble metals Volatile metals Coinage metals Alkaline earth metals Group II-B ( Zinc, Cadmium and Mercury)
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HI>HBr>HCl>HF
35. Among the acids of halogens, which is considered to be the most acidic? HBr HI HF HCl HI>HBr>HCl>HF (decreasing acidity) Ionic property is inversely proportional to acidity
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36. An alloy composed of 50% tin and 50% lead:
Pewter Solder Gun metal Rose metal Pewter: 80% Tin & 20% Lead Gun Metal: 10% Tin & 90% Copper Rose Metal: 25% Tin, 25% Lead & 50% Bismuth
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37. Vleminckx’s solution is prepared by boiling sublimed sulphur and:
a & d calcium Carbonate Calcium oxide “Flowers of sulfur”
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3x to lumabas sa boards ko!
38. Type of sulphur used in Vleminckx’s solution: Precipitated sulphur Lac sulphur Sublimed sulphur NOTA used for scabies
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39. Which of the following has the highest boiling point:
Decane Pentane Hexane Butane more carbon-carbon linkages, the more bonds to break, the higher the boiling point.
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Methamphetamine “shabu”
40. “Speed” is a ____________ form of Amphetamine: Formylated Acetylated Butylated Methylated
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-borates 41. Potassium added in glass:
Increases the refractive index of the glass Makes the glass amber and light resistant Reduces the coefficient of expansion AOTA -borates
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42. Produces a bluish green flame through a cobalt glass:
Sodium Barium Strontium Calcium Through cobalt glass: Barium – bluish green Sodium – Nil(pale green) Potassium – crimson Calcium – light green Strontium – purple
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used as Astringent/ Protective
43. To prepare White Lotion USP, sulfurated potash is added to: Zinc sulfide Zinc oxide Zinc sulfate NOTA used as Astringent/ Protective
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Q#45 44. It is a measure of the energy required to remove an electron by overcoming the attractive forces of the nucleus: Electron affinity Electronegativity Ionization potential NOTA
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45. It is the ability of an atom in a molecule to attract electrons in itself:
Electron affinity Electronegativity Ionization potential NOTA Measures how strongly the atom attracts ADDITIONAL electrons Measures how strongly the atom holds to its electrons
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46. Purest native form of uncombined carbon:
Diamond Graphite Lamp black Coal
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47. The unit of radiation damage used in medicine:
Rem RBE Sievert Rad Relative Biological Effectiveness of the radiation SI unit for effective dosage; 1 sv=100 rem
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48. Employed as systemic acidifier:
Sodium bicarbonate Ammonium chloride Calcium chloride b and c
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49. It states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers:
Heisenberg uncertainty principle Aufbau principle Pauli’s exclusion principle a and b
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Lower to higher concentration
50. The process by which water molecules move under high pressure through a semipermeable membrane from the more concentrated to the less concentrated solution: Osmosis Passive diffusion Active diffusion Reverse osmosis Lower to higher concentration
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51. Give the IUPAC name of the given chemical CH2=CHCH2CH2CH3:
Pentene 1- pentene Pentane 1- pentyne 2- pentene 5 carbon atom = “penta” 1 double bond =“ene” @Carbon #1 = “1”
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52. The chemical CH3OCH3 is an example of what type of organic compound:
Ketone Ester Ether Aldehyde Acid anhydride Ether: R-O-R Alcohol: ROH Aldehyde: RCHO Ketone: RCOR Carboxylic acid: RCOOH Ester: RCOOR Acid halide: RCOX Amide: RCONH2
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RCOR 53. The compound with the formula, CH3CH2COCH2CH3 is a/an: Ketone
Aldehyde Carboxylic acid Ether Ester RCOR
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Mirror-image isomers that are not super imposable
54. Stereoisomers that are not mirror-images of each other are called: Structural isomers Cis-Trans isomers Enantiomers Anomers Diastereomers Mirror-image isomers that are not super imposable
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55. What is the most potent effect of trimethylxanthine substitutions in positions 1,3, and 7 of the xanthine molecule: Diuresis Coronary Vasodilation Cardiac stimulation CNS stimulation Skeletal muscle relaxation
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56. The structure given below represents the common structure of which group of drugs:
Benzodiazepine Barbiturates Phenothiazine SSRIs MAOIs Barbituric acid
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57. What is the IUPAC name of Valproic acid:
2- Methylpropanoic acid 2- Ethylbutanoic acid 2- Propylpentanoic acid 2- Butylhexanoic acid 2- Pentylheptanoic acid
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58. Which of the following drug is also known as 1,3-dimethylxanthine:
Theophylline Caffeine Theobromine Pentoxyfylline Doxofylline 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine 3,7-dimethylxanthine Pentoxy – blood circulation (intermittent claudication) 1-(5-oxohexyl)-3, 7-dimethylxanthine 7-(1,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethyl)-1,3-dimethylpurine-2,6-dione
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59. Which of the following calcium channel blockers is a benzothiazepine:
Verapamil - phenylalkylamine Nifedipine - dihydropyridine Diltiazem Amlodipine - dihydropyridine Isradipine - dihydropyridine
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60. Which of the following endogenous substances promote platelet agrregration:
cAmp TXA2 ADP I only III only I and II only II and III only AOTA Inhibits!
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61. Which of the following agents is an example of an H2-antihistamine:
Telfast -fexofenadine Pariet - rabeprazole Prevacid – lansoprazole Aerius -desloratadine Ulcin - ranitidine Fexofenadine Rabeprazole Lansoprazole Desloratadine ranitidine
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62. Which of the following drug is an example of Proton Pump Inhibitor:
Pariet - rabeprazole Ulcin - ranitidine Iselpin - sucralfate Zantac - ranitidine Telfast - fexofenadine
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63. Which of the following opioids contains a piperidine nucleus:
Dextromethorphan Oxycodone Pentazocine Meperidine Codeine Phenanthrene: Codeine Oxycodone Oxymorphone Hydromorphoine Miperidine: Diphenoxylate Fentanyl Benzomorphan: Pentazocine
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64. A given drug is known to antagonize the 5-HT 1D receptor
64. A given drug is known to antagonize the 5-HT 1D receptor. What is most likely clinical indication of this drug: Glaucoma Migraine Hypertyension Anxiety Psychosis
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65. Which of the following agents is primarily a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist:
Ondansetron Cisapride Clozapine Ergonovine Naratriptan
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Form of Insulin that is absorbed and interacts with insulin receptor
66. This form of insulin is the primary storage form in man: Monomer Dimer Tetramer Pentamer Hexamer Form of Insulin that is absorbed and interacts with insulin receptor
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67. Which of the following is/are factors affecting drug metabolism:
Age Economic status Species and strain Gender I only AOTA I and II only I, III and IV only I, II and III only
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68. The term that denotes the selective metabolism of two or more similar functional groups, or two or more similar atoms that are positioned in different regions of a molecule: Stereoisomerism Regioselectivity Selective toxicity Substrate stereoselectivity Bioselectivity
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69. Phenol coefficient is defined as the ratio of a disinfectant to the dilution of phenol required to kill a given strain of a bacterium. What microorganism is used in determining the phenol coefficient? Bacillus subtilis Enterobacter aerogenes Pseudomonas aeruginosa Salmonella typhi Proteus vulgaris
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70. A preparation of 5% iodine in water with potassium iodide:
Iodine solution Iodine tincture Lugol’s solution Mayer’s reagent Wagner’s reagent Iodine Solution: 2% Iodine in Water with Sodium Iodide Iodine Tincture: 2% Iodine in 50% alcohol with Sodium Iodide Mayer’s reagent: Potassium Mercuric Iodide Wagner’s reagent: Iodine in Potassium Iodide.
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71. Methicillin is chemically named as:
2-Ethoxy-1-naphthylpenicillin 5-Methyl-3-phenyl-4-isoxazolylpenicillin 5-Methyl-3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-4-isoxazolyl-penicillin 2,6-Dimethoxylphenylpenicillin 2,6-Dimethylpenicillin
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72. A group of antibiotics that are derivatives of an octahydronaphthacene,a hydrocarbon system that comprises four annelated six-membered rings: Macrolides Tetracycline Lincomycins Polymyxin Sulfonamides
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Mostly antipsychotics
73. Drowsiness is a side effect of antihistamines that is common to the: Ethylenediamines Tertiary aminoalkyl ethers Phenothiazine H2-receptor antagonists Cimetidine Ex. aminophylline Mostly antipsychotics Aminophylline C antipsychotic
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Also used in HSV1 & 2, Varicella-Zoster, Epstein Barr
74. It has become the drug of choice in the treatment of genital herpes: Symmetrel - amantadine Zovirax -acyclovir Hepsera -adefovir Tamiflu -oseltamivir Valtrex -valaciclovir Also used in HSV1 & 2, Varicella-Zoster, Epstein Barr
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75. A depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent that causes spastic paralysis to susceptible helminthes: Pyrantel pamoate Thiabendazole Mebendazole Niridazole Niclosamide Inh. fumarate reductase helminth specific Irreversibly block glucose uptake niridazole is rapidly concentrated in the parasite and inhibits oogenesis and spermatogenesis -niridazole inhibits phosphofructokinase enzyme lead to glycogen depletion and hepatic shift Niclosamide works by inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation in helminthes, and is essentially lethal to tapeworms on contact. The worms are then passed through the digestive tract and passed through the stool, although they are usually destroyed by the intestine and no longer recognizable.
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76. A non steroidal agent that has shown potent antiestrogenic properties in animals and is useful in the palliative treatment of advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women: Megestrol Testolactone Mitotane Leuprolide Tamoxifen
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77. An ion that often shows expectorant action is:
Iodide Phosphate Fluoride Iodate
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78. Copper is an essential trace element used for the utilization of iron occurs in:
Hemoglobin Albumin Hemocyanin Heme Respiratory pigment Hemoglobin contains Iron in its molecule Heme constitutes about 4% of its weight consisting iron in the center of pyrrole-porphyrin ring Albumin is the primary protein found in blood
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79. The only single acid that can dissolve gold:
HCl HNO3 Selenic acid Aqua regia HCl and HNO3 can’t dissolve gold alone but when mixed as aqua regia (3:1) it can dissolve gold but not as SINGLE acid.
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80. Reduction occurs in: Cathode Anode Both None of these GEROA LEORA
Cathode –negatively charged electrode Anode – positively charged electrode
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81. Argyria can be caused by:
Gold Cobalt Iron Silver
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With Ruthenium and Palladium
82. A member of the second triad of Group VIII: Platinum Rhodium Nickel Iridium With Ruthenium and Palladium
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83. BAL is: British Anti- Lewisite 2,3 dimercaptopropranolol
a and b Used in treating heavy metal poisoning such as mercury and gold.
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84. Soft coal is: Anthracite Bituminous Charcoal Activated charcoal
“Hard coal” 90% carbon + 6% volatile matters 84. Soft coal is: Anthracite Bituminous Charcoal Activated charcoal It contains 70% of Carbon + large amt of volatile matters
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85. The first element to be discovered by the use of spectroscope:
Rubidium Cesium Iridium Uranium Discovered by bunsen like rubidium
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86. Inadequate oxygen tension in air i.e. Baguio, high altitude:
Histotoxic Anemic Anoxic Stagnant
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87. Mercury that falls into cracks and other difficult to clean places is removed best by covering with: Sulfur Sodium hydroxide Potassium dichromate Zinc oxide It forms sulfide with mercury and is then easily vacuumed to remove easily.
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88. Fuller’s earth is: Hydrated aluminium magnesium trisilicate
Floridin Aluminium magnesium trisilicate b and c
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89. Pink in appearance: Copper Nickel Cobalt (II) a and c green
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Metallic property decreases
In crease 90. In given period, as the atomic number increases, metallic properties: Increase Decrease Remain the same Double Metallic property decreases
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91. The major source of histamine in the body results from the decarboxylation of this amino acid:
Tryptophan Histidine Tyrosine Phenylalanine Arginine
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92. Grignard reagents usually contain:
Cu Fe Mg Grignard reagents are R-Mg-X compounds that are used as intermediates in synthesis
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93. Standard temperature for gas:
0⁰ C 314K 273K a and c
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94. What is the functional group for ketones:
Carboxyl group Hydroxyl group Amino group Carbonyl group Carboxyl group for Caboxylic acids Hydroxyl group for alcohols Amino group for Amines
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95. The ion that gives a Turnbull’s blue precipitate with potassium ferricyanide:
Ferrous Ferric Cobalt Nickel Ferrous ferricyanide
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96. The ion that gives a Prussian blue precipitate with potassium ferrocyanide:
Ferrous Ferric Cobalt Nickel Fe7(CN)18⋅14H2O Ferric ferrocyanide aka Berlin Blue or Parisian blue It was the traditional “blue” in blueprints It has been used as antidotes for certain heavy metal poisoning
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97. The ion that gives positive result to Rinman’s green:
Aluminum Chromium Manganese Zinc aka “Cobalt green” Reaction from: Zinc + cobalt nitrate
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98. The first element produced artificially is:
Rn Ta Tc Pt
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Glimepiride- Sulfonyureas
99. Which of the following is a thiazolidinedione: Actos -pioglitazone Glucophage -metformin Solosa - glimepiride Glucobay – acarbose Metformin – Biguanide Glimepiride- Sulfonyureas
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100. All are classified as 2nd generation sulfonylureas except:
Gliclazide Gliburide Glimepiride Glipizide 1st gen: Chlorpropamide Acetohexamide Tolbutamide Tolazamide 2nd gen: *all starting in GLI, GLY except GLIMEPIRIDE First generation Carbutamide Acetohexamide Chlorpropamide Tolbutamide Tolazamide Second generation Glipizide Gliclazide Glibenclamide (glyburide) Gliquidone Glyclopyramide Third generation Glimepiride
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