1. Business and Computing Deanery 3D Modelling Tools Week 18 More on materials

2. 3D Modelling Tools 2 Last week Lecture Lighting 3DS Max 7 Bible Chapter 27

3. 3D Modelling Tools 3 This week Lecture Revisit earlier materials Maps Images and textures External tools Procedural Composite Working with the library Exporting files 3DS Max 7 Bible Chapter 21-25 Seminar Lighting portfolio due (Portfolio 9) Storyboard for Model B Tutorials Materials

4. 3D Modelling Tools 4 Previously on materials Materials Shaders Rendering Colours Shininess Self-illumination Not textures, or bitmaps or maps

5. 3D Modelling Tools 5 Materials Alll materials affect how light is reflected from the surface Think about how light and the material will interact

6. 3D Modelling Tools 6 Material editor Materials Defined Created Applied Sample shots Parameters Shaders Maps Discreet (2005)

7. 3D Modelling Tools 7 Material types Standard Ray-traced Architectural Discreet (2005)

8. 3D Modelling Tools 8 Standard material Shaders Type Colours Ambient Diffuse Specular Glossiness Opacity Self-illumination

9. 3D Modelling Tools 9 Ray tracing material Uses Phong, Blinn, Meta, Antisotropic and Oren-Nayar-Blinn shaders Attempts to physically model a surface rather than simulating it Rendering takes longer Added features Luminosity Translucency Fog Discreet (2005)

10. 3D Modelling Tools 10 Ray tracing Each pixel is calculated In 3ds max it uses mental ray renderer Generate reflections and refractions Ray tracing traces the path of rays sampled from the light source Reflections and refractions generated this way are physically accurate 3ds max v7

11. 3D Modelling Tools 11 Reflections and Radiosity Ray-tracing algorithm takes into account reflections and radiosity 3ds max v7

12. 3D Modelling Tools 12 Architectural materials Provides the greatest amount of realism Should use with Phtometric lights and radiosity Do NOT use with standard lights High degree of accuracy When might you use it? Discreet (2005)

13. 3D Modelling Tools 13 Materials and maps Materials describe how an object reflects or transmits light Within a material, maps can simulate textures, applied designs, reflections, refractions, and other effects 3ds max v7

14. 3D Modelling Tools 14 2D maps 2D Maps are two-dimensional images mapped onto the surface of geometric objects or used as environment maps to create a background for the scene 2D maps can be generated procedurally Bitmaps can be used as 2D maps

15. 3D Modelling Tools 15 Diffuse map An image is used as a diffuse map Applied to the surface of the object Overrides the base colour Wood grain Texture of fruit Marble 3ds max v7

16. 3D Modelling Tools 16 Procedural maps Derived from mathematical equations Simple or complex Do not degrade when you zoom into them They are 3D Marble material goes through an object as if it were solid 3ds max v7

17. 3D Modelling Tools 17 Bitmaps A bitmap is an image produced by a fixed matrix of colored pixels Use an existing image Make your own How? An animation or video file instead of a bitmap 3ds max v7

18. 3D Modelling Tools 18 Using bitmaps The more pixels the bigger the file size What detail is needed? Will the image be zoomed? What happens if you zoom in too much? What happens in a game situation if you have a large file size?

19. 3D Modelling Tools 19 Environment maps Rendering menu > Environment > Set and animate the background color Use an image in the background of the rendered scene or use texture maps as spherical, cylindrical, or shrink-wrap environments. Set and animate the ambient light.

20. 3D Modelling Tools 20 Why use bitmaps? Stick a logo on something Making street scenes or urban landscapes Use with billboard Used with avatars The map is generated by a graphic artist 3ds max v7

21. 3D Modelling Tools 21 Activity Make a model with a base and: 4 spheres 4 boxes 4 cylinders 4 cones sitting on the base Add procedural maps Add bitmaps Add an environment map

22. 3D Modelling Tools 22 Composite maps Use map channels Vary from shader to shader Many common Parent child relationship Map channels Go to parent

23. 3D Modelling Tools 23 Composite – an example What do you think has been applied? There are 3 maps

24. 3D Modelling Tools 24 Bump map Bump mapping makes an object appear to have a bumpy or irregular surface Manipulates the object’s normals Does not affect the object’s mesh 3ds max v7

25. 3D Modelling Tools 25 Composite effects Bump and bitmap 3D effect Change the ambient colour Change the specular colour

26. 3D Modelling Tools 26 Activity Add a bump map to your scene Add a composite map to your scene

27. 3D Modelling Tools 27 Mapping textures Mapping is a method of projecting pictorial information onto surfaces It is a lot like wrapping a present with wrapping paper 3ds max v7

28. 3D Modelling Tools 28 UVW co-ordinates Most material maps are a 2D plane assigned to a 3D surface. The coordinate system used to describe the placement and transformation of maps Mapping coordinates use the letters U, V, and W The three letters preceding X, Y, and Z in the alphabet.

29. 3D Modelling Tools 29 Cropping and Placement You can crop the bitmap W/H—Adjusts the width and height of the bitmap or crop area Placing a bitmap lets you scale the map and place it anywhere within its tile U/V—Adjusts the bitmap location Cropping and placement settings affect the model only, they have no effect on the bitmap file itself Important to check Apply

30. 3D Modelling Tools 30 Tiling Repetition of an image over a large area Use less memory Can look too uniform Can get join patterns 3ds max v7

31. 3D Modelling Tools 31 Face mapping Ignores any mapping coordinates Need to work with a polygon Conforms the image to the faces Select the desired face Apply the image

32. 3D Modelling Tools 32 Mapping coordinates Use x, y z coodinates 3ds max v7

33. 3D Modelling Tools 33 Activity To your scene Apply tiling to a bitmap on a shape Apply cropping to a bitmap on a shape Position an image in your scene

34. 3D Modelling Tools 34 Material libraries Materials used in a model are saved in the max file The software comes with libraries of materials Create your own materials Which can then be saved to a library for use on another project Make a library from a particular scene

35. 3D Modelling Tools 35 Activity Use the material library to add some materials

36. 3D Modelling Tools 36 Bitmaps for exported models Exported files do not always take colours or textures with them This is very important for your project work Bitmaps can be better, but you need to collect them With 3ds max use Utilities > More… > Bitmap/Photometric Paths > Path Editor > Edit Resources

37. 3D Modelling Tools 37 Mapping for real time Unwrap UVW The Unwrap UVW modifier is used to assign planar maps to sub-object selections To edit the UVW coordinates of those selections Texture baking The creation of texture maps based on an object's appearance in the rendered scene Using complex lighting on a high polygon model The textures are then “baked” into the object via mapping Use a low polygon model Displays the textured object rapidly for game engines

38. 3D Modelling Tools 38 Mulitmedia options Ink 'n Paint Material 3ds max v7

39. 3D Modelling Tools 39 Covered today Revisit earlier materials Maps Images and textures External tools Procedural Composite Working with the library Exporting files

40. 3D Modelling Tools 40 Portfolio 10 A word document with an annotated jpeg showing: Procedural maps Environment map Bitmaps Tiled Cropped Placed Textured (use Bump channel) Library materials

41. 3D Modelling Tools 41 Questions You have been asked to model race track for a game Describe and discuss two methods of providing a background, recommend one Describe two methods of modelling trees, evaluate both methods and recommend one Describe how you would make a realistic checkerboard starting grid Describe how you would add a logo to a section of a bridge

42. 3D Modelling Tools 42 References 3ds max v7, (2005) User Reference and Tutorials Murdock K.L., (2005) 3DS Max 7 Bible, John Wiley & Sons Inc, ISBN: 0764579711 Discreet, (2005) 3DS Max 7 Fundamentals and Beyond Courseware, Focal Press, ISBN:0240807391