1. SE 313 – Computer Graphics Lecture 13: Lighting and Materials Practice Lecturer: Gazihan Alankuş 1

2. Today Lights and materials Normal mapping 2

3. Lights We learned that the color of the light and the material are used to determine rendering colors 3

4. Lights Create a new default Blender scene The cube should have a material. If not, add a material to it. 4

5. Lights Render the scene. This is what you should see. Press Esc to go back 5

6. Lights Select the lamp Go to the Object Data tab Change the color of the lamp to bright red 6

7. Lights Render it. Even though the object is not red, it will appear red 7

8. Lights Now let’s change the material to blue Select the cube and go to the material tab Change the diffuse color to bright blue 8

9. Lights Render it Did you expect purple? Why did this happen? 9

10. Light: Diffuse and Specular Now create a new scene, delete the cube and add a UVSphere Add a material to it Let’s see the difference between diffuse and specular – Change the diffuse color to green – Change the specular color to red 10

11. Light: Diffuse and Specular Render the scene and notice the hint of red near where the light shines Change specular back to white and render Notice the difference 11

12. Light: Ambient To enable ambient light in the scene, we need to add it to the environment Go to the world tab Enable Environment Lighting Energy:1 means it’s on Render the sphere and see that it does not have dark sides anymore 12

13. Light: Ambient We can reduce the ambient light’s energy, or reduce how much the material reflects it Select the sphere and go to the material tab Under Shading, reduce Ambient to 0 When you render now, the sphere will ignore the environment light and will have dark sides as before 13

14. Light: Ambient Increase it a bit and see how it affects rendering. 14

15. Light: Emission We can also simulate objects emitting light In the same pane, increase Emit to 2 Now the sphere is more uniformly lit as if it is giving out light 15

16. Today Lights and materials Normal mapping 16

17. Normal Mapping We are going to map the normal vectors of one object to another This will be stored as a texture. The red, green and blue components of the texture will actually represent x, y and z components of the normal vector We will see how we can render this in Blender We will see how to make this work in Unity 17

18. Normal Mapping Start with a new project Create a cube and a Icosphere. Scale up the Icosphere by about 1.3. 18

19. Normal Mapping: Preparing the Texture We are going to map the normals of the sphere to the cube. This will be stored in a texture in the cube. For this, we need to prepare our cube for texture mapping. First split the main view and bring the UV/Image Editor on the left 19 (Right click)

20. Normal Mapping: Preparing the Texture Select the cube in the 3D view, go to edit mode, while all faces are selected, unwrap the model using smart uv project. 20

21. Normal Mapping: Preparing the Texture Create a blank image and name it normal texture 21

22. Normal Mapping The sphere has normal vectors that are a natural result of its shape. We are going to artificially put (bake) those normal vectors on the cube so that they can be used while rendering to make the cube look a bit like the sphere. – The texture on the cube will hold these normal vectors. 22

23. Normal Mapping: Baking the Normals Go to object mode It is really important that you do this selection exactly in the order it is explained below – Select the sphere first and then shift+select the cube – Think of it as of “from sphere to cube” The cube should have a yellow outline and the sphere should have an orange outline 23

24. Normal Mapping: Baking the Normals Without breaking this selection, go to the render pane Scroll down to Bake Select Normals as the bake mode Check Selected to Active Click on Bake to start baking 24

25. Normal Mapping: Baking the Normals In the UV/Image editor you should see something like this This is the encoding of x, y, z values of normal vectors into red, green, blue components of the texture. If you don’t see this, check the thumbnail If the thumbnail is not black and looks like this, then this is a Blender bug. Save the blend file and the texture, and then reload the image to fix this. 25

26. Normal Mapping: Using the Normal Texture Now turn on the texture mode in the 3D view and move away the sphere. This is what your cube should look like 26

27. Normal Mapping: Using the Normal Texture Select the cube and add a material and a texture to it 27

28. Normal Mapping: Using the Normal Texture Now let’s prepare the texture. Set its type to Image or Movie Select the image from the combo Check Normal Map under Image Sampling Under Mapping, set Coordinate to UV Under Influence, uncheck Color and check Normal 28

29. Normal Mapping: Viewing the Normal Mapping Now we changed this texture to be used as a normal map. We can see this in the 3D view by changing some settings. Make sure the Properties pane is open in the 3D view Scroll down to Display For Shading, select GLSL Now your cube looks different 29

30. Normal Mapping: Viewing the Normal Mapping The cube is rendered differently – Instead of its geometrically calculated normals, its using normals mapped using the texture – Turn the cube to see that it really is trying to act like a sphere 30

31. Normal Mapping: Final Preparations Reset the rotation of the cube to 0 Delete the sphere Create a new folder Save the blender scene in this folder Save the image in the same folder 31

32. Normal Mapping: Using it in Unity Run Unity and create a new project in your hard drive In My Computer, find the folder that you put the files, and drag it into the Project pane of Unity 32

33. Normal Mapping: Using it in Unity When you click on the model you should see its preview like this Note that Unity didn’t realize that our texture was a normal map and it’s using it as a regular texture. We will fix this 33

34. Normal Mapping: Using it in Unity Drag the model into the scene In the inspector, you will see the material on the bottom. The material is using our texture as a regular texture. We need another kind of material that accepts normal maps 34

35. Normal Mapping: Using it in Unity Change the Shader to Bumped Diffuse. Now we have two texture slots, one for the regular texture and one for the normal map. 35

36. Normal Mapping: Using it in Unity We need to put our texture into the normal map rather than the regular texture Click on Select in the regular texture Select none Click on Select in the normal map texture Select the correct texture 36

37. Normal Mapping: Using it in Unity Click on Fix Now below to get Unity to really use this texture as a normal map Now our cube looks more like how it was in Blender Add a directional light to see it better 37

38. Normal Mapping: Using it in Unity Turn it to see that it really is reflecting light like a sphere 38

39. Normal Mapping: Using it in Unity To see this in the game view, you can drag and dock it separately If you don’t see it, you need to select Main Camera in Hierarchy pane and select GameObject->Align with View in the menu 39

40. Normal Mapping: Using it in Unity Select the Directional Light Rotate it See how the cube reflects this light Even though it is flat! 40

41. Lab Now, map the normal vectors of a cube onto a sphere – Demonstrate it both in Blender and in Unity 41