1. Industrial Revolution and Consequences 1750-1914 CE 1

2. 2 The Modern Revolution Communication Revolution Democratic Politics Fossil Fuels To: Mundo CAUTION: Contents Under Pressure

3. 3 The Modern Revolution Quite a package! But how did these changes get all bundled up together? Communication Revolution Democratic Politics Fossil Fuels

4. 4 For starters human population was increasing faster than ever before!

5. 5

6. 6 1690 - 7,000 1790 - 18,038 1900 - 560,892 158% 3,010%

7. 7 But a growing population meant that human need for resources—for energy—was growing, too.

8. 8

9. 9 Over millions of years, ancient forests change into peat, then coal.

10. 10 By taking energy from fossil fuels like coal instead of biomass like wood…

11. 11 and with better and better steam engines to harness coal’s energy…

12. 12 Power loom weaving Lancashire, 1835 People could produce more efficiently.

13. 13 Robert Fulton’s Clermont steamship 1807 And travel more quickly.

14. 14 George Stephenson’s “Rocket” steam locomotive 1829 And travel more quickly

15. 15

16. 16 The Industrial Revolution allowed for new global economic relationships.

17. 17 Cotton exports from agrarian economies to industrial economies Microsoft® Encarta® Reference Library 2002 © 1993-2001 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. U.S.A. Egypt India Russia

18. 18 Textile exports from industrial to agrarian economies Microsoft® Encarta® Reference Library 2002 © 1993-2001 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

19. 19 Old limits on how much energy people could use were gone! And people tore down other limits too…

20. 20 Adam Smith argued for ideas like these in his book The Wealth of Nations (1776). New economic ideas People should be able to buy and sell land, labor, and goods freely. CAPITALISM

21. 21 Improve public health. Build railroads, ports, and telegraphs. Standardize weights and measures.

22. 22 Antiseptic medicine 1867 Transcontinental railroad 1869 Metric system 1790

23. 23 Government played a greater role than ever before in people’s lives. And while that happened, people’s ideas about government changed, too!

24. 24 The Modern Revolution To: Mundo CAUTION: Contents Under Pressure Communication Revolution Democratic Politics Fossil Fuels It’s in the package too!

25. 25 Governments created representative institutions. Governments wrote constitutions. Governments promoted education.

26. 26 French National Assembly 1789 United States Constitution 1787 Ottoman Turkish Regulations for Public Education 1869

27. 27 So much was changing so fast… How could people keep up?

28. 28 People moved more quickly. Ideas moved more quickly.

29. 29 Railroad Steamboat Transatlantic cable Newspaper The Communication Revolution

30. 30 1840 1850

31. 31 1880

32. 32 The Modern Revolution meant powerful economic growth in the world as a whole. World Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Dollars as valued in 1990

33. 33 Powerful, but not equal. The countries which modernized first used it to their advantage.

34. 34 Percentage of World GDP Western Europe and North America vs. Asia The Modern Revolution shifted the world’s economic center.

35. 35 India, 1877 After the Modern Revolution, much more food went on the world market…

36. 36 India, 1877 and it was often shipped to where it got the highest price,

37. 37 not to where it was needed most.

38. 38 And industrial technology could be used not only to create, but to destroy.

39. 39 And more of the world was colonized than ever before.

40. 40 The European Moment Land surface of the world controlled by Europeans: 180035% 187867% 191488% But... duration of European world domination in the past 2000 years: 80 yrs