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Mutations (Ch. 17) Mutations Point mutations – single base change silent mutation – no amino acid change – redundancy in code missense – change amino.

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Presentation on theme: "Mutations (Ch. 17) Mutations Point mutations – single base change silent mutation – no amino acid change – redundancy in code missense – change amino."— Presentation transcript:

1

2 Mutations (Ch. 17)

3 Mutations Point mutations – single base change silent mutation – no amino acid change – redundancy in code missense – change amino acid – Changes the final protien nonsense – change to stop codon – Stopping prematurely When do mutations affect the next generation?

4 Point mutation lead to Sickle cell anemia What kind of mutation? What structure has the mutation? RNA or DNA

5 Mutations Frameshift – shift in the reading frame changes everything “downstream” – insertions adding base(s) – deletions losing base(s) Where would this mutation cause the most change: beginning or end of gene?

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7 What’s the value of mutations?

8 Review Questions

9 1. If proteins were composed of only 12 different kinds of amino acids, what would be the small- est possible codon size in a genetic system with four different nucleotides? A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4 E.12

10 2. A portion of the genetic code is UUU = phenylalanine, GCC = alanine, AAA = lysine, and CCC = proline. Assume the correct code places the amino acids phenylalanine, alanine, and lysine in a protein (in that order). Which of the following DNA sequences would substitute proline for alanine? A.AAA-CGG-TTA B.AAT-CGG-TTT C.AAA-CCG-TTT D.AAA-GGG-TTT E.AAA-CCC-TTT

11 3. What is the relationship among DNA, a gene, and a chromosome? A.A chromosome contains hundreds of genes, which are composed of protein. B.A chromosome contains hundreds of genes, which are composed of DNA. C.A gene contains hundreds of chromosomes, which are composed of protein. D.A gene is composed of DNA, but there is no relationship to a chromosome. E.A gene contains hundreds of chromosomes, which are composed of DNA.

12 4. A particular triplet of bases in the coding sequence of DNA is AAA. The anticodon on the tRNA that binds the mRNA codon is A.TTT. B.UUA. C.UUU. D.AAA. E.either UAA or TAA, depending on wobble in the first base.

13 5. A part of an mRNA molecule with the following sequence is being read by a ribosome: 5' CCG-ACG 3' (mRNA). The following activated transfer RNA molecules are available. Two of them can correctly match the mRNA so that a dipeptide can form. The dipeptide that will form will be A.cysteine-alanine. B.proline-threonine. C.glycine-cysteine. D.alanine-alanine. E.threonine-glycine. tRNA AnticodonAmino Acid GGCProline CGUAlanine UGCThreonine CCGGlycine ACGCysteine CGGAlanine

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