1. Social Issues and Environment Dr. Girish K. Goswami AIB,AUR, Jaipur

2. From Sustainable to Unsustainable development The development without thinking about the ill-affects on the biotic and abiotic factors leads to unsustainability E.g. Overuse of coal and oil may lead to total loss of fossil fuels Unless we find alternatives for the same, the future generation will have to survive without energy resources

3. Sustainable Development “The sustainable development is a process of betterment of life, in all sectors of society i.e. social, economic, educational, health, national security, food and education”

4. Need for Sustainable Development Almost all environmental problems are the results of unsustainable development Almost all environmental problems are the results of unsustainable development Overuse of natural resources leads to, cutting of trees has created Overuse of natural resources leads to pollution, cutting of trees has created global warming Laws for Air, Water, Land, Wild Life, Forest have failed to control environmental losses Laws for Air, Water, Land, Wild Life, Forest have failed to control environmental losses Only way is to by making people aware about the needs and methods to control their demands and control over the overuse of resources Only way is to accept the concept of sustainable development by making people aware about the needs and methods to control their demands and control over the overuse of resources

5. Urban problems related to Energy Conservation of energy resources: Conservation of energy resources: Causes of shortage of energy in India Causes of shortage of energy in India Effects of shortage of energy in India Effects of shortage of energy in India Methods of conservation of energy Methods of conservation of energy

6. Water Resources : Classification of water resources: 1. Surface water 2. Water in the solid form 3. Water in the atmosphere 4. Underground water

7. Water utility Consumptive use of water mainly for irrigation Consumptive use of water mainly for irrigation Non-consumptive use of water for power generation i.e. Hydel power Non-consumptive use of water for power generation i.e. Hydel power Partially consumptive use for the public use and for industrial and thermal plants Partially consumptive use for the public use and for industrial and thermal plants

8. Uses of water 1. Domestic use 2. Manufacturing process and power generation 3. Other uses

9. Quality of water A. Physical parameters A. Physical parameters 1. Color 2. Taste and odor 3. Temperature 4. Turbidity B. Chemical parameters B. Chemical parameters 1. Total Dissolved solids (TDS) 2. pH 3. Hardness C. Biological parameters C. Biological parameters

10. Means to rehabilitate the affected people Alternate land should be given Alternate land should be given Enough compensation must be given Enough compensation must be given Job for at least one person in the family Job for at least one person in the family Infrastructure must be developed Infrastructure must be developed Arrangements before the launching of the actual project Arrangements before the launching of the actual project It should be realized that the psychological and cultural loss is never compensated It should be realized that the psychological and cultural loss is never compensated

11. Ethics and moral values Ethics is the set of beliefs about right and wrong behavior e.g. cheating Environmental Ethics: It deals with issues related to the rights of the individuals which are fundamental to life and its well being

12. Basic human values Equality Co-operation Tolerance Truth Justice Excellence

13. Acid rains Main effects are due to Nitric Acid and Sulfuric acid Effects: 1. D amages the vegetation 2. S urface and ground water gets affected 3. S oil pH reduces to 3, affects fertility 4. S kin irritation 5. L and and water ecosystem get affected

14. Measures to control Acid Rain Reduce emissions at the source itself Reduce emissions at the source itself Use low sulphur coal Use low sulphur coal Replace coal by natural gas Replace coal by natural gas

15. Depletion of Ozone layer Main cause is Chlorine Effects: 1. D amages the plants 2. C auses cancer 3. C auses destruction of life 4. A ffects the natural environment

16. Measures to control depletion of O 3 Minimize the use of Fe and halogens Minimize the use of Fe and halogens Use CFC free chemicals Use CFC free chemicals Reduced use of AC’ s and refrigerators Reduced use of AC’ s and refrigerators

17. Global warming and Green house effect GHG’ s are: GHG’ s are: 1. CFC 2. CH 4 3. N 2 O 4. CO 2 5. CO

18. Measures to control global warming Check the overuse of carbon dioxide Check the overuse of carbon dioxide Use alternative sources of energy Use alternative sources of energy Cut down the transmission losses of electricity Cut down the transmission losses of electricity Use public transport Use public transport Clean Development Mechanisms in industries Clean Development Mechanisms in industries Greenbelt around industries Greenbelt around industries

19. EPA 1986 Objectives: Objectives: 1. Protection and improvement of the environment i.e. air, water, soil 2. Prevention of hazards to all living beings i.e. plants, animals and human beings 3. Maintenance of the relationship between the human beings and the natural environment

20. Penalties for Violation of Act 1986 Imprisonment for a term which may extend up to five years Imprisonment for a term which may extend up to five yearsOr Fine which may extend up to Rs. 1 lakh Fine which may extend up to Rs. 1 lakhOr Both of the above Both of the above

21. Air: Prevention and Control of Pollution Act 1981 Aims and objectives: Aims and objectives: 1. Prevention, control of air pollution 2. Maintaining the quality of air 3. Establishing of the Boards to prevent and to control the air pollution

22. Water: Prevention and control of pollution act: 1974 Aims and objectives: Aims and objectives: 1. Prevention and control of water pollution 2. Maintaining and restoring the wholesomeness of water 3. Establishment of Boards of prevention and control of water pollution

23. Penalties for violation of the act: Penalty is imprisonment for a period of three months or a fine up to Rs. 10,000 or both Penalty is imprisonment for a period of three months or a fine up to Rs. 10,000 or both

24. Wildlife Protection Act 1972 Aims and objectives: Aims and objectives: 1. Maintenance of the essential ecological processes and life- supporting systems 2. Preservation of the biodiversity 3. Protection and conservation of wild-life

25. Penalties for violation Imprisonment for three years or fine upto Rs. 23,000 or both License may get cancelled

26. Forest Conservation Act,1980 Aims and objectives: Aims and objectives: To protect and conserve the forest To protect and conserve the forest

27. Penalties for violation Imprisonment for six months or more or a fine of Rs. 500 or both Imprisonment for six months or more or a fine of Rs. 500 or both For killing elephants imprisonment upto six months or fine upto Rs. 5000 or both For killing elephants imprisonment upto six months or fine upto Rs. 5000 or both

28. Causes of lack of environmental awareness Illiteracy and attitude Lack of participation Lack of information Partial information secrecy

29. Thank you!