1. 2004 © University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio Positively Aging® & M.O.R.E. Curriculum Programs Zz z z zz z z World: The World of Sleep

2. 2004 © University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio Positively Aging® & M.O.R.E. Curriculum Programs Zz z z zz z z World: The World of Sleep Brought to you by: – Positively Aging® and M.O.R.E. Curriculum Programs –University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio

3. 2004 © University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio Positively Aging® & M.O.R.E. Curriculum Programs “The natural periodic suspension of consciousness during which the powers of the body are restored.” MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary Sleep: What is it?

4. 2004 © University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio Positively Aging® & M.O.R.E. Curriculum Programs Sleep: What is it? Sleep-wake cycle varies in relation to age and gender –Newborns sleep as much as 20 hours/day –Children sleep 8-14 hours/day –Elderly sleep 6.5 hours/day –Women past age 35 sleep more than men Taber’s Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary Edition 19

5. 2004 © University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio Positively Aging® & M.O.R.E. Curriculum Programs NREM Sleep (Figure modified with permission from “Ontogenetic Development of Human Sleep-Dream Cycle”, by H.P. Roffwarg, J.N. Muzio, and W.C. Dement, 1966, Science, 152, p. 608. Copyright © 1966 by the AAAS.)

6. 2004 © University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio Positively Aging® & M.O.R.E. Curriculum Programs Sleep: What is it? Stages of sleep have been defined in terms of –Depth –EEG (plot of brain wave activity) –Physiologic characteristics –Anatomic level Stedman’s Medical Dictionary 27 th Edition

7. 2004 © University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio Positively Aging® & M.O.R.E. Curriculum Programs http://science.education.nih.gov/supplements/nih3/sleep/guide/info-sleep.htm Some Measurements Taken During Sleep Studies

8. 2004 © University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio Positively Aging® & M.O.R.E. Curriculum Programs Modified w/ permission from Dr. Eric Chudler Neuroscience for Kids http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/sleep.html Sleep Stages

9. 2004 © University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio Positively Aging® & M.O.R.E. Curriculum Programs Physiological Changes During NREM and REM Sleep Physiological Process During NREMDuring REM Brain activity (Nervous System) Decreases from wakefulness Increases in motor and sensory areas Heart Rate (Circulatory System) Slows from wakefulness Increases and varies compared with NREM Blood Pressure (Circulatory System) Decreases from wakefulness Increases up to 30% & varies from NREM Blood flow to brain (Circulatory System) No change from wakefulness in most regions Increases by 50% - 200%, varies with brain region

10. 2004 © University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio Positively Aging® & M.O.R.E. Curriculum Programs Physiological Changes During NREM and REM Sleep Physiological Process During NREMDuring REM Breathing Rate (Respiratory System) Decreases from wakefulness Increases & varies from NREM Breathing Airway resistance (Respiratory System) Increases from wakefulness Increases & varies from wakefulness Body TemperatureLower set point than wakefulness; shivering starts at lower temperature than when awake Not regulated, no shivering or sweating; body temperature drifts toward that of surroundings

11. 2004 © University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio Positively Aging® & M.O.R.E. Curriculum Programs Physiological Changes During NREM and REM Sleep Physiological Process During NREMDuring REM Hormone Secretion (Endocrine System) Several sleep- dependent hormones released Urine Concentration (Excretory System) Increases from wakefulness Digestive Acid Production (Digestive System) Decreases in normal digestive systems Swallowing (Digestive System) Decreases

12. 2004 © University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio Positively Aging® & M.O.R.E. Curriculum Programs http://www.antenna.nl/lithium/englishweb/images/cir_temp2.gif Body Temperature During Circadian Sleep/Wake Cycle

13. 2004 © University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio Positively Aging® & M.O.R.E. Curriculum Programs WAVE CHARACTERISTICS

14. 2004 © University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio Positively Aging® & M.O.R.E. Curriculum Programs This work is supported by funding from the following sources: Science Education Partnership Awards (National Center for Research Resources, National Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institute on Aging) –R25-RR-12369 –R25-RR-08549 Minority K-12 Initiative for Teachers and Students Grant R25-HL-075777 (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute) MO1-RR-01346 for the Frederic C. Bartter General Clinical Research Center. The Positively Aging© and M.O.R.E. curriculum programs are administered through the Frederic C. Bartter General Clinical Research Center and the Department of Medicine. For further information, please contact Michael Lichtenstein, M.D. at lichtenstei@uthscsa.edu.lichtenstei@uthscsa.edu