1. The Civil War (in a day)

2. Beginnings Abolition movement became strong in the North Republican Party grows stronger; nominates Abraham Lincoln in 1860 Southern states say if Lincoln is elected, they will leave the U.S. Mar. 1860: Lincoln elected

4. Reasons for war 1. Slavery: South wanted it. North didn’t. 2. Politics: North said it was impossible for states to leave the Union. They could only be in rebellion 3. Economics: The South needed slavery not b/c of racism, but because of money. Their economy was completely backwards!!!

5. By mid-1861, all states south of Kentucky have seceded from the U.S. U.S. Gen. Winfield Scott proposes “Anaconda Plan” ? Snakes can kill in two ways. What are they? Anaconda Plan says we’ll surround and squeeze the Confederates. It’s not as fast as venom, but works better

7. 1862: CSA attacks toward D.C.; we begin seizing their ports. 1863: CSA attacks to PA before we turn them back. We gain control of MS River 1864: CSA defeated W. of MS River. Snake squeezes them out of all states but NC, SC, and VA.

8. 1865: By April, Confederates control only parts of central VA –April 8: CSA surrender at Appomattox –April 14: Lincoln shot by J.W. Booth in DC

10. Aftermath Most of war fought in South –Southern cities & existing factories destroyed –Political systems dead b/c politicians were loyal to CSA 600K Americans killed; 400K injured 4M African Americans freed without jobs, education, health care, etc. Nation needs to be Reconstructed, and healed.

11. New Economy Not enough jobs for blacks or whites Landowners break plantations into plots Poor folks farm plots, keep a share, (sharecropping) Some northerners open small factories in Charleston, New Orleans, Memphis, Norfolk.

12. Integrating Blacks 13th Amendment: Bans slavery 14th Amendment: Gives everyone “equal protection” under the law. Black citizenship. 15th Amendment: Race can’t keep you from voting

13. “Historically Black” Colleges –Formed by churches with $$ from the Fr. Bureau. –Include Fisk, Atlanta, Howard, Hampton, Grambling –Provided excellent education in liberal arts, agriculture, tech & scientific fields

14. Rebuilding governments At 1st, fmr Confederates were barred from gov’t office Black, Repub candidates elected in overwhelming numbers 16 elected to Congress. 400+ elected to state legislatures.

15. The BIG sell-out 1876 election pits GOP Hayes against Dem Tilden Tilden wins S, Hayes N. Nearly tied Dems offer: If GOP ends Reconstruction, Hayes gets presidency Hayes takes the deal; the ‘Jim Crow’ era begins

16. Rise of Hate Groups Fmr S. officers form Ku Klux Klan Goals: Destroy Repubs, help the “planters,” threaten Blacks, Jews, & Catholics End up getting members elected & appointed into many offices after Reconstruction Use this power to begin ‘legal’ discrimination against Black folks