1. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2000 McGraw-Hill 1 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I 12 Operational Amplifiers

2. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2000 McGraw-Hill 2 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure 12.2 A voltage amplifier Gain,A v S (t) R S + – SourceAmplifierLoad + _ v L (t)R L

3. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2000 McGraw-Hill 3 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure 12.3 Simple voltage amplifier model + _ Av in + _ R R out v in + – R S v S R L + – v L

4. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2000 McGraw-Hill 4 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure 12.4 Operational amplifier model symbols, and circuit diagram IC op-amp diagram + – + – – +

5. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2000 McGraw-Hill 5 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure 12.5 Inverting amplifier + _ R F i in v + + – R S v – i S i F v S v out + –

6. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2000 McGraw-Hill 6 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure 12.7 Summing amplifier + _ + _ + _ R S 1 i 1 v out R S 2 i 2 R S N i N v S 1 v S 2 v S N R F i F

7. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2000 McGraw-Hill 7 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure 12.8 Noninverting amplifier + _ R F v – + – v + i F i S R v S i in i v out + – R S

8. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2000 McGraw-Hill 8 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure 12.9 Voltage follower + _ – + v out v in i + –

9. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2000 McGraw-Hill 9 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure 12.10 Differential amplifier + _ + _ R 1 + – R 1 R 2 R 2 i 1 v 2 v 1 i 2 v out + –

10. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2000 McGraw-Hill 10 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure 12.14 Instrumentation amplifier R 1 R F R F R 2 R 2 R R v 1 v 2 V out

11. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2000 McGraw-Hill 11 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure 12.20 Op-amp circuits employing complex impedances Z S Z F V out + – I S I F V S Inverting Z F V out + – I S I F V S Noninverting ~ ~ Z S + – + – + – + –

12. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2000 McGraw-Hill 12 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure 12.21 Active low-pass filter + _ C F R F R S V S Z F + – V out + –

13. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2000 McGraw-Hill 13 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure 12.24 Active high-pass filter + _ Z S + – C S R S R F V S V out + –

14. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2000 McGraw-Hill 14 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure 12.26 Active band-pass filter + _ V out + – C S R S R F V S C F + –

15. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2000 McGraw-Hill 15 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure 12.27 Normalized response of active band-pass filter