1. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2000 McGraw-Hill 1 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I 11 Power Electronics

2. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2000 McGraw-Hill 2 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure 11.1 Classification of power electronic devices

3. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2000 McGraw-Hill 3 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure 11.2 AC-DC converter circuit and waveform

4. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2000 McGraw-Hill 4 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure 11.3 AC-AC converter circuit and waveform

5. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2000 McGraw-Hill 5 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure 11.4 DC-DC converter circuit and waveform

6. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2000 McGraw-Hill 6 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure 11.5 DC-AC converter circuit and waveform

7. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2000 McGraw-Hill 7 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure 11-6 Zener diode characteristic and voltage regulator circuit

8. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2000 McGraw-Hill 8 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure 11.7

9. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2000 McGraw-Hill 9 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure 11.13 Limitations of a BJT amplifier Saturation (1) Cutoff (3) (2) i C I Cmax P v CE V max V CEsat i B 1 i B2 i B3 i B4

10. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2000 McGraw-Hill 10 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure 11.14 BJT switching waveforms

11. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2000 McGraw-Hill 11 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure 11.15 MOSFET switching waveforms

12. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2000 McGraw-Hill 12 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure 11.16 IGBT simplified equivalent circuit G C E R MOD R BE

13. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2000 McGraw-Hill 13 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure 11.17 Rectifier connected to an inductive load

14. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2000 McGraw-Hill 14 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure 11.18 Operation of free-wheeling diode

15. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2000 McGraw-Hill 15 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure 11.20 Three-phase diode bridge rectifier

16. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2000 McGraw-Hill 16 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure 11.21 Waveforms and conduction times of three-phase bridge rectifier

17. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2000 McGraw-Hill 17 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure 11.22 Thyristor structure and circuit symbol A (anode) K (cathode) G (gate) A v AK + – i A K G P N P N

18. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2000 McGraw-Hill 18 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure 11.23 Thyristor i-v characteristic Holding current Latching currentGate triggered Reverse breakdown voltage Reverse leakage current Forward leakage current v AK i A i H i L Holding current

19. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2000 McGraw-Hill 19 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure 11.24 Thyristor two-transistor model

20. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2000 McGraw-Hill 20 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure 11.25 Controlled rectifier circuit + _ ~ Load v AC (t) v trigger + – i L (t) v L (t)

21. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2000 McGraw-Hill 21 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure 11.26 Half-wave controlled rectifier waveforms v trigger V m v s –V m v o t t t 2 V m 2 0 0

22. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2000 McGraw-Hill 22 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure 11.33 The four quadrants of an electric drive i III IIIIV v Reverse braking (generation) Motoring (forward) Motoring (reverse) Forward braking (generation)

23. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2000 McGraw-Hill 23 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure 11.34 DC motor T m m V a I a – +

24. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2000 McGraw-Hill 24 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure 11.35 Step-down chopper (buck converter)

25. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2000 McGraw-Hill 25 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure 11.36 Step-down chopper waveforms i o v o V S i o v o 0Tt 1 0

26. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2000 McGraw-Hill 26 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure 11.37 Step-up chopper (boost converter)

27. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2000 McGraw-Hill 27 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure 11.38 Step-up chopper output voltage wave-form (ideal) <v o > V S v o (t) t

28. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2000 McGraw-Hill 28 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure 11.39 Step-up chopper used for regenerative braking

29. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2000 McGraw-Hill 29 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure 11.40 Two-quadrant chopper

30. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2000 McGraw-Hill 30 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure 11.41 Half-bridge voltage source inverter

31. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2000 McGraw-Hill 31 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure 11.42 Half-bridge voltage source inverter wave-forms S 1 T/2 D 1 D 2 V S 2 v o T 0 S 2 T T 0 –V S 2 i o S 2 S 1 0 T T

32. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2000 McGraw-Hill 32 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure 11.43 Full-bridge voltage source inverter

33. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2000 McGraw-Hill 33 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure 11.44 Half-bridge voltage inverter output voltage waveform V S v o –V S 0 T/2T

34. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2000 McGraw-Hill 34 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure 11.45 Three-phase voltage source inverter