1. The Respiratory System
Medical Terminology
Chapter 7
Mr. Robert

2. Nose Nasal cavity Nasal septum Mucous membrane
Mucus: warms, moistens & filters
Cilia
Olfactory receptors: receptors for sense of smell

3. Tonsils
Form a protective ring around the entrance to respiratory tract

4. Sinuses Air filled cavity in bone, lined with mucous membrane
Resonance to voice
Produce mucus
Bones lighter
Paranasal sinuses:
para- = near
nas/o = nose

5. Pharynx: commonly called the throat
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

6. Swallowing Respiratory & digestive system share oropharynx
Soft palate: closes off nasopharynx
Epiglottis: closes of laryngopharynx

7. Larynx: common name-voice box
Thyroid cartilage: Adam’s apple
Vocal cords: sound is produced by air expelled from the lungs & cords vibrate

8. Trachea (windpipe)
Held open by C- shaped cartilage rings

9. Bronchial Tree
Two bronchi
Bronchioles: smallest branches

10. Alveoli
Air sacs
Site of gas exchange

11. Lungs Lobe: division of the lungs Right lung: 3 lobes
Left lung: 2 lobes

12. Mediastinum Located between lungs Contains:
Heart, aorta, esophagus, trachea, thymus

13. Pleura Multilayered membrane that surrounds each lung
Parietal pleura: lines thoracic cavity
Visceral pleura: lines lungs
Pleural space: contains small amount of fluid

14. Diaphragm
Stimulated by phrenic nerve

15. Breathing
Inhalation
Exhalation

16. External & Internal Respiration

17. Medical Specialties Otolaryngologist or otorhinolaryngologist
Pulmonologist

18. Pathology of the Respiratory System

19. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Describes a group of conditions characterized by chronic airflow limitations

20. Asthma Chronic allergic disorder
Episodes of severe breathing difficulty
Coughing
Wheezing
Inflammation of lining of airway, production of thick mucus, tightening of muscle around the airways

21. Bronchiectasis Bronchi/o = bronchi -ectasis = enlargement
Chronic dilation of bronchi or bronchioles from an earlier lung infection

22. Emphysema
Progressive loss of lung function due to decrease in alveoli & enlargement of alveoli
Chest may assume barrel shape in effort to expand the lungs

23. Smoker’s respiratory syndrome (SRS)
Cough, wheezing, hoarseness, pharyngitis, difficult breathing, susceptibility to respiratory infections

24. Allergic rhinitis rhin/o = nose -itis = inflammation
Allergic reaction to airborne allergens that cause an increased flow of mucus

25. Croup In infants & children Obstruction of larynx Hoarseness
Barking cough

26. Diphtheria Caused by diphtheria bacteria
Acute infection of throat & upper respiratory tract

27. Epistaxis
Nose bleed

28. Influenza (flu)
Acute viral respiratory infection spread by respiratory droplets
More common in colder months

29. Pertussis (whooping cough)
Contagious bacterial infection of upper respiratory tract characterized by paroxysmal cough

30. Rhinorrhea rhin/o = nose -rrhea = abnormal flow
Excess flow of mucus from the nose

31. Pharyng/o = pharynx Laryng/o = larynx
Pharyngitis?
Pharyngorrhagia?
Pharyngorrhea?
Laryngoplegia?
Laryngospasm?
Laryngitis?

32. Voice disorders Aphonia a- = without phon/o = voice
Loss of ability to produce normal sounds
Dysphonia
dys- = difficult, bad
phon/o = voice, sound
Hoarseness, weakness or loss of voice

33. Trache/o = trachea Bronch/o = bronchus
Tracheitis?
Tracheorrhagia?
Bronchitis?
Bronchorrhagia?
Bronchorrhea?

34. Pleurisy
Inflammation of the pleura in the thoracic cavity

35. Pleuralgia
pleur/o = pleura
-algia = pain
Pain in the pleura or side

36. Pneumothorax pneum/o = air or lung -thorax = chest
Accumulation of air in pleural space

37. Pleural effusion
Accumulation of fluid in pleural space that prevents lungs from fully expanding

38. Empyema (pyothorax)
Accumulation of pus in pleural cavity

39. Hemothorax hem/o = blood -thorax = chest
Accumulation of blood in pleural cavity

40. Hemoptysis hem/o = blood -ptysis = spitting
Spitting of blood or blood tinged sputum from the lungs

41. Pulmonary edema
Accumulation of fluid in lungs

42. Pneumorrhagia pneum/o = lungs -rrhagia = bleeding
Bleeding from the lungs

43. Atelectasis
Collapsed lung; lung fails to expand

44. Tuberculosis
Infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, usually involving lungs
MDR-TB: multiple drug resistant tuberculosis

45. Pneumonia
Inflammation of lungs in which the lungs fill with pus & other liquids
Bacterial pneumonia: can be prevented with vaccination
Viral pneumonia
Lobar pneumonia: one or more lobes involved
Bronchopneumonia: begins in bronchioles
Double pneumonia: both lungs
Aspiration pneumonia: foreign substance inhaled into lungs

46. Mycoplasma pneumonia Also called walking pneumonia
Milder, longer lasting form, caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae

47. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
Opportunistic pneumonia, often of AIDS patients

48. Pneumoconiosis
Abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs after years of exposure
Anthracosis: black lung disease (coal dust)
Asbestosis (asbestos particles)
Byssinosis: brown lung disease (cotton, hemp dust)
Silicosis: grinder’s disease (silica dust or glass)

49. Pulmonary fibrosis
Formation of scar tissue that replaces alveolar walls

50. Cystic fibrosis
Genetic disorder in which the lungs are clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucus

51. Breathing disorders -pnea: breathing
Eupnea
Tachypnea
Bradypnea
Apnea
Dyspnea
Hyperpnea
Hypopnea

52. Cheyne-Stokes respirations
Alternating patterns of hyperpnea, hypopnea and apnea

53. Anoxia an- = without ox/o = oxygen
Absence of oxygen from inspired gases

54. Asphyxiation
Suffocation
Interruption of breathing

55. Cyanosis cyan/o = blue -osis = condition
Bluish discoloration of the skin from lack of oxygen

56. Hypoxia hypo = deficient ox/o = oxygen
Subnormal oxygen levels in cells

57. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
Crib death
Usually between ages of 2 weeks & 1 year

58. Procedures of the Respiratory System

59. Respiratory rate (RR)
One respiration equals one inhalation & one exhalation
Normal range: 15 to 20 breaths per minute

60. Phlegm Thick mucus secreted by the tissues of the respiratory passages
Sputum: phlegm that is ejected through the mouth

61. Spirometry
Testing method that uses a spirometer to record volume of air inhaled or exhaled

62. Tuberculin skin testing
Mantoux method or PPD: small amount of harmless tuberculin protein injected in arm

63. You should be able to figure out:
Bronchoscopy
Laryngoscopy
Septoplasty
Sinusotomy
Pharyngoplasty
Pharynogostomy
Laryngectomy
Laryngoplasty
Tracheoplasty
Tracheorrhaphy
Tracheotomy
Tracheostomy
Pneumonectomy
Lobectomy
Pleurectomy
Thoracotomy
Thoracostomy

64. Thoracentesis
Puncture of the chest with a needle to obtain fluid form the pleural cavity

65. Bronchoconstrictor Agent that narrows openings of the air passages
Bronchodilator: an agent that expands the opening of the air passages