1. Period 5:

2. 5.1: Industrialization and Global Capitalism
What defines this period?
Where does the Industrial Revolution begin?
5.1: Industrialization and Global Capitalism

3. What combination of factors were necessary to begin the Industrial Revolution?
labor sources from immigrants, women, and children
growth of cities (shifted from rural areas)
initial investments from entrepreneurs
new technology
reliable sources of raw materials (ex. Cotton for textiles, iron for steel)
a need for the product

4. Required examples of factors leading to the rise of industrial production:
Europe's location on the Atlantic Ocean
The geographical distribution of coal, iron and timber
European demographic changes
Urbanization, Improved agricultural productivity
Legal protection of private property
An abundance of rivers and canals
Access to foreign resources
The accumulation of capital

5. Steel and oil industries fueled the growth of the American economy.
How did Industrialization affect seemingly unrelated fields like social structures, culture, the economy?
Industrialization solidified the positions of the upper and lower class
“Streets were paved with gold” – Immigrants came to America looking for opportunities to better their social status and financial standings
Women and children became important in bringing money for the family and as a labor source.
Steel and oil industries fueled the growth of the American economy.
Industrialization solidified the positions of the upper and lower class – factory workers did not earn enough to better their social standings and factory owners became very wealthy. There were some exceptions such as successful entrepreneurs (such as Carnegie) but they were rare.
“Streets were paved with gold” – Immigrants came to America looking for opportunities to better their social status and financial standings
Women and children became important in bringing money for the family and as a labor source.
Steel and oil industries fueled the growth of the American economy.

6. New patterns of global trade and production develop  global economy
Some regions have a single natural resource
Examples: Cotton, rubber, palm oil, sugar, etc.
Need for new markets (Opium Wars)
Decline of economically productive, agriculturally based economies

7. New economic ideas: Adam Smith, John Stuart Mills (Laissez Faire)
Financial instruments: Stock markets, Insurance, Gold Standard, Limited liability corporations
Large-scale transnational businesses
Developments in transportation and communication?
Railroads, steamships, telegraphs, canals

8. Responses to the development and spread of global capitalism?
Trade unions/collective bargaining (improve conditions, hours, wages)
Alternative visions of society: utopian socialism, Marxism, Anarchism
Resistance to change: Qing China, Ottoman Empire
State-sponsored visions of industrialization:
Japan’s Meiji Restoration, Tsarist Russia, Muhammad Ali’s cotton textile industry in Egypt, eventually China’s self-strengthening movement
State reforms: public education, pensions, health care, expanded suffrage

9. Social responses to Industrialization
New industrial working class and new type of middle class
More women and children working outside of the home, changes family dynamics
Rapid urbanization  unsanitary living conditions

10. 5.2: Imperialism and Nation-State
Industrializing powers established transoceanic empires
Spain and Portugal decline
Europeans establish imperial holdings in Africa
New settler colonies: Brits in South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand, French in Algeria
ECONOMIC IMPERIALISM: Opium wars, British and U.S. investing in Latin America
New Ideologies: Nationalism and Social Darwinism (used to justify imperialism)
Examples: British in India, Dutch in Indonesia
Britain in West Africa, Belgium in Congo

11. 5.3: Nationalism, Revolution, Reform
Enlightenment: questions established tradition
Enlightenment thinkers: Voltaire and Rousseau
Challenge role of religion in public life
Other Enlightenment thinkers: Locke and Montesquieu, new political ideas
Revolutionary documents: American Declaration of Independence, French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, Bolivar’s Jamaica Letter
Leads to abolition of slavery, end of serfdom, expanded suffrage
Locke and Montesquieu: Social contract, natural rights the individual

12. Rebellions: American Revolution, French Revolution, Haitian Revolution, Latin American independence movements
Slave resistance: Maroon societies
Anti-colonial movements: Sepoy Rebellion (Indian Revolt of 1857) and Boxer Rebellion
Reforms in imperial policy: Tanzimat movement, Self-Strengthening Movement
Spread of European political and social thought  liberalism, socialism, communism, suffrage movements, and feminism

13. 5.4: Global Migration
Massive movement bc of new global capitalism and transoceanic empires
Increase in food production and better medicine  rise in global population
Some freely relocating looking for work
Coerced and semi-coerced labor migrations
New ethnic enclaves in different parts of the world (especially Indian and Chinese)
Regulation of immigrants
Men migrating in larger numbers looking for manual labor, women staying behind taking on new roles
Chinese Exclusion Act and the White Australian Policy

14. 6.1 Science and the environment
Period 6: Accelerating Global Change and Realignments, c to present
6.1 Science and the environment
Advancements?
New scientific paradigms?
Green Revolution (How are we producing enough food for the growing population?)
Medical innovations?
Increased productivity and increased power needs (oil, nuclear, etc.)
Advancements: new modes of communication and transportation make geographic distance irrelevant
New Sci Paradigms: The theory of relativity, Quantum mechanics, the Big Bang Theory, psychology
Medical innovations: polio vaccine, smallpox vaccine, antibiotics, the artificial heart

15. As global population expands at an unprecedented rate, what are some of the issues/problems?
Finite resources, exploitation and competition
Global warming
Pollution in air and water
Deforestation and desertification
Extinction of other species

16. New Medical Issues:
Diseases associated with poverty: Malaria, Tuberculosis, Cholera
Emergent epidemic diseases: Flu of 1918, HIV/AIDS, Ebola
Diseases associated with changing lifestyles: Diabetes, Heart disease, Alzheimer’s
Increased longevity led to higher incidence of certain diseases
Good news: BIRTH CONTROL  gives women greater control over fertility and transforms sexual practices and family life

17. Improved military technology and tactics led to increased levels of wartime casualties
Technology: tanks, machine guns, airplanes, the Atomic bomb
Tactics: trench warfare, firebombing
Crazy high casualties: Nanjing, Dresden, Hiroshima, etc.

18. 6.2 Global Conflicts and Their Consequences
Ottoman, Russian, Qing (all large land empires) collapse due to internal and external factors
Economic hardship
Political and social discontent
Technological stagnation
Military defeat

19. Some colonies negotiate their independence:
India and the Gold Coast from Britain
Independence through armed struggle:
Algeria and Vietnam from France and Angola from Portugal
New ideas and leaders emerge: Mohandas Gandhi, Ho Chi Minh, Kwame Nkrumah
Regional, religious, and ethnic movements challenged both colonial rule and inherited imperial boundaries
Transnational movements: Communism, Pan-Arabism, Pan-Africanism

20. Population resettlements: India/Pakistan partition, Zionist Jewish settlement of Palestine, division of Mid East into mandatory states
Migration of former colonial subjects to imperial metropoles maintains cultural and economic ties even after dissolution of empires (South Asians to Britain, Algerians to France, Filipinos to the U.S.)

21. Sources of global conflict in the early 20th century:
Imperialist expansion by European forces and Japan
Competition for resources
Ethnic conflict
Great power rivalries between Great Britain and Germany
Nationalist ideologies
The economic crisis causes by the Great Depression

22. WWI and WWII = total war
What is total war?
Cold War
Proxy wars
NATO and the Warsaw Pact
Impact on popular culture?

23. 6.3 New Conceptualizations of Global Economy, Society, and Culture
Economic Challenges:
Communist responses: Five Year Plans and Great Leap Forward
Great Depression: The New Deal
Newly independent states after WWII, govts took a strong lead in guiding economic life and promoting development
End of 20th century governments encouraging free market policies: U.S./Reagan, Britain/Thatcher, China/Deng Xiaoping, Chile/Pinochet

24. New International Organizations:
League of Nations and United Nations
The International Criminal Court