1. Scientific Revolution & Enlightenment Test Review

2. Explain one way the Renaissance contributed to the origins of the Scientific Revolution
Explain another way the Renaissance contributed to the origins of the Scientific Revolution
Explain the impact of the practice of alchemy and hermetic magic on the origins of the SR
Explain the religious origins of the SR
Explain how practical pursuits contributed to the origins of the SR

3. Explain the Ptolemaic system; which other status quo authorities defended it?
Explain the significance of Copernicus; what was his key scientific work that was published posthumously?
Explain the significance of Tycho Brahe; who were his two patrons?
Explain the significance of Johannes Kepler; what was his key work, published in 1609?
Who is Thomas Kuhn? What is his thesis?

4. Explain the significance of Galileo; name his two key works
Explain the significance of Newton; what was his key work? Where is he buried?
Who independently developed the calculus?
Which Renaissance humanist unearthed lost works of Plutarch? Who read them? Which Greek thinkers were discussed in these works?
Where was Kepler from? Brahe? Newton? Galileo? Copernicus? Aristotle? Ptolemy?

5. Explain some of the key ideas of Galen
Explain the significance of Paracelsus; what was his nickname?
Who was the father of modern anatomy? Why? Key work?
I was the personal physician to James I and Charles I; what book did I write; what was my key contribution?
“The father of microbiology”; where am I from?

6. I authored The Sceptical Chemist and am a good example of an inductive thinker; for what law am I best known?
I was a well-known Dutch entomologist and published unusually vivid illustrated books because I understood illustration better than most
I wrote the System of Nature and proposed a binomial nomenclature classification system; where am I from?

7. I came from an English aristocratic background and questioned whether “dominating” nature was a good thing
Define epistemology; list (don’t explain) two epistemologies discussed so far in this class
Explain “Cartesian doubt” (methodological skepticism); what was the one thing Descartes felt he could not doubt?
Explain dualism and monism; give examples of each
Contrast the deductive method with the inductive method; give a proponent of each view

8. Explain Hobbes’ and Bacon’s view on the relationship between knowledge and power
Explain the difference between rationalism, empiricism, and skepticism
What were scientific societies? List two. List one scientific journal.
Explain Pascal’s Wager; from what book is this well-known argument?
Explain Spinoza’s critique of Descartes

9. I was a well-known German astronomer, discovered the Comet of 1702, but was denied membership in the Berlin Academy because of my gender
“Arguments about women”; describe two ways the new science “empirically demonstrated” status quo views of women
What were the traditional four humors?
What were the traditional four elements? What was the name of the pure heavenly substance of which celestial bodies were composed?
“It still ____” (finish the phrase; who said it); “If I can see farther than others…” (finish the phrase; who said it)?

10. Describe two religious effects of the SR
Describe two economic effects of the SR
Describe two intellectual effects of the SR
Describe two environmental effects of the SR
Describe two political/social effects of the SR

11. What is “reception history”; describe the reception of Locke’s epistemology on his contemporaries
Describe the impact of Newtonian science on the origins of the Enlightenment
In what ways did travel literature help contribute to the movement known as the Enlightenment?
Explain how the popularization of science helped “cause” the Enlightenment; name two popularizers; list at least one of their books
Who were the philosophes? What were their backgrounds? In what kind of intellectual climate did they write? What were methods they used to avoid punishment?

12. For the following individuals, explain their significance to the Enlightenment:
Pierre Bayle
Baron de Montesquieu
Voltaire
Diderot and d’Alembert
David Hume

13. For the following individuals, explain their significance for the Enlightenment:
Rousseau
Mary Astell
Mary Wollstonecraft
Cesare Beccaria
Condorcet

14. Name one practitioner/theorist of mercantilism and two for laissez-faire
Contrast the mercantilists, the physiocrats, and Adam Smith on the source of a nation’s wealth
Describe three core beliefs of mercantile theory
Describe four core policies of mercantile states

15. Describe two of Adam Smith’s natural laws of economics
Describe two more
What was the key work of Adam Smith? Of Francois Quesnay?
Describe two of the “proper functions” of government as proposed by Adam Smith

16. Define elite culture; define popular culture; what are synonyms of each?
List four places where elite culture was institutionally expressed
List four places where popular culture was institutionally expressed
Contrast the music of elites and the masses during the 17th and 18th centuries
Contrast the “art” of elites and the masses during the 17th and 18th centuries

17. Contrast the educations of the elite and masses during the 17th and 18th centuries
List four general forms of elite print culture; list two specific examples
List four general forms of mass print culture
Discuss two developments among the masses regarding religion during the 18th century
Discuss two developments among elites regarding religion during the 18th century

18. Describe one effect of the Enlightenment (be it short-term or long-term)
Describe a second effect
Describe a third
Describe a fourth

19. What do historians mean by the term “enlightened monarchy” or “enlightened absolutism”
List three monarchs generally considered to be “enlightened”
In what ways were these monarchs “enlightened”?
In what ways were these monarchs not “enlightened”?
What were the causes and effects of both the War of Austrian Succession and Seven Years’ War?

20. Motto of the Enlightenment? Who said it? What did he mean?
Who was Pangloss? Which historical figure does he represent?
What event probably inspired Voltaire to pen his famous satire Candide?
Finish this phrase; who said it?: “Man is born free…”
Who were the salonnières? Name one.