1. Overview of the Chapter

2. The Ancient Americas
Olmec and Chavin

3. The Americas Cultural identity separate from the rest of the world
Span of time
Ocean separation
Those who might have migrated earlier blended into the societies already there

4. Cool Picture…couldn’t resist!

5. Staples of the American Diet

6. Olmec & Chavin Homelands
Olmec Homeland
Chavin Homeland
Capital in the center of the civilization

7. Olmec Religious Symbolism (Power)
Priest as a Jaguar
Quetzalcoatl, the Feathered serpent god
Turkey jug
Eagle Headress
Crocodile or Cayman god image

8. Other Olmec religious elements that lasted longer than the Olmec…the Maya continued this sport

9. Cultural Diffusion (Transfer of an Item from one Place to Another)
Origins of Corn
Ancient maize excavated from a tomb. Peru, South America

10. Domesticated Beast of Burden - Americas
cousins
Alpaca
Llama

11. The Assyrians

12. Homeland of the Assyrian Empire

13. Assyrian Social Hierarchy
King/Priest-job was to make decisions and consult the gods, owned everything
Nobles-job was to support the king, provide warriors, owned land
Laborers/Artisans-job was to provide for the king and for the kingdom
Peasants-job was to work the land in agriculture or other menial labor tasks, dependent farmers
Slaves-job was to do anything they were told to do

14. Strength of the Assyrian Empire
Iron Weapons
Ancient Engineering: This image represents a 3D rendering of the ancient fortification dating back to the Iron Age built around an artificial harbor.
Large Assyrian army and a corps of professional soldiers; However a drawback to Assyrian wars were how costly they were and how costly it was to build up arms.

15. Mass Deportation, Divide and Conquer
The top five reasons why mass deportation works!
Build up your army
Have a ton of slaves to build buildings, work in agricultural projects or as a household slave
Shift human resources from the periphery to the center
To serve as a warning to those living around of what would happen if you didn’t follow Assyrian instructions
A way to break the spirit of the rebellious

16. The Hebrews of Ancient Israel
Israelites
jews

17. Patriarchs of the Torah
The Hebrews
Patriarchs of the Torah
Adam
Seth
Noah
Abraham
Isaac
Jacob
Joseph
David
The language they spoke
Torah, where we get most of our information about the Hebrews.
God of the Hebrew people is seen as warlike when Israel comes from Egypt to occupy Israel; He is also seen as stern because of His laws.

18. Basic Beliefs of Judaism (Hebrew Religion)

19. A Short History of the First Three Kings
Kills Goliath the Philistine giant
Becomes king after Saul dies
Unites all of Israel; Gathers all the supplies to build the temple
Makes Jerusalem the Capital
Brings the Ark of the Covenant to Jerusalem & then dies
Son of David
Build’s the Temple
Wealthiest & Wisest
Trade w/ Phoenicia &tc
Has way too many wives
Worships foreign gods
His son takes over
He was very tall
He was morally upstanding
Fought the Philistines
Not a strong leader/failed
Disobeys God
Dies on the battle field

20. Women in Israel
Women provided a vital portion of the goods and services that sustained the family.
Women were regarded with respect and had relative equality with their husbands in family and village life
Women could not inherit
Women could not initiate divorce
Women who had extramarital relations were put to death
Women of the working classes labored with other family members in agriculture or herding in addition to maintaining the household and raising the children.

21. Regular Jewish Worship
It was not always feasible to go to the Jewish temple in Jerusalem so…
… they built synagogues to maintain their culture outside their homeland.

22. Hebrew Diaspora 1, 2, and 3 (1 more later)
“Scattering”

23. Maintaining Strong Cultural Identity
Ritual bath called Mikveh
Strict dietary laws
Jews were required to do no work on the sixth day or the Sabbath-Saturday. This means they cannot walk a certain distance and now cannot push an elevator button.
Israelite law forbade Israelites from marrying non-Jews.

24. Phoenicia & Its colony Carthage
Hooked on phonics works for me!

25. Phoenicians are Ship-going Traders and that is the reason for the creation of their written language
The Phoenician alphabet consist of a sound for each letter that can be put together to make words.
Because of the Greek and Phoenician colonization efforts, they came into conflict with one another on several occasions leading to battles.

26. Phoenician Colonization

27. Carthage, a Phoenician colony
Carthage was founded (traditionally by Dido) from Tyre in the 9th cent. The city-state built up trade and in the 6th and 5th cent. began to acquire dominance in the W Mediterranean. Merchants and explorers established a wide net of trade that brought great wealth to Carthage. The state was tightly controlled by an aristocracy of nobles and wealthy merchants. Although a council and a popular assembly existed, these soon lost power to oligarchical institutions, and actual power was in the hands of the judges and two elected magistrates (suffetes). There was also a small but powerful senate.
The greatest weakness of Carthage was the rivalry between landholding and maritime families. The maritime faction was generally in control.

28. Hanno the Navigator of Carthage