1. Epics of Homer Lacking writing, Greeks learned about the Trojan War through the spoken word Greatest storyteller was a blind poet named Homer Trojan War forms the backdrop for the Iliad and the Odyssey Also called the Homeric Age Learning took place through the spoken word Homer – Greatest storyteller - Blind

2. Lyric Age 800 – 500 BCE Recover from the dark ages Greeks grow in numbers and wealth Little land in Greece so they had to look elsewhere Colonization Come into contact with new ideas New economic links Eastern and Egyptian designs in their artwork

4. SPARTA

6. ATHENS

7. Evolution of the system to a democracy DRACO Wrote the first code of laws SOLON allowed all citizens to participate and debate all policies Set up a court of appeals for citizens Stopped debt slavery Introduced political and economic reforms CLEISTHENES All male citizens over age 20 could be in the Assembly (only 1/5 were citizens) Set up the Council of 500 Made Athens a full democracy Most severe restriction on democracy was whether citizens could propose laws or merely vote on them

8. Persian Wars: 499 BCE – 480 BCE

9. Major Battles Marathon (490 BCE)  Darius the Great (Persian)  26 miles from Athens (Pheidippides)  Persians not skilled in this type of warfare  Athenians victorious  6,400 Persians die v. 192 Athenians

10. Thermopylae (480 BCE)  Xerxes (Persian) fighting with support from some Greek city- states  300 Spartans at the Mountain pass (all die) Salamis (480 BCE)  Athenian navy victorious over Xerxes  Persians lose 1/3 of their ships

11. Plain of Plataea (479 BCE)  Spartans defeat the rest of the Persian army

12. Consequences New sense of confidence and freedom Athens enters a Golden Age Athens becomes leader of a 140 city-state alliance Delian League Drove Persians from territories surrounding Greece and ended the threat of future attacks

13. Golden “Age of Pericles”: 460 BCE – 429 BCE

14. Pericles’ 3 Goals for Athens Strengthen Athenian Democracy Hold and strengthen the empire Glorify Athens

15. Activity With a partner read pages 134-135 Create the following chart in your notes The blank side should explain how Pericles achieved each of his goals. Stronger Democracy Athenian Empire Glorifying Athens

16. Sparta and Athens Go to War Tensions had been building for years Athens evolved from a limited city state to a vast naval empire Leaders from both pressed for war – believed their own city had the advantage

17. Peloponnesian Wars

18. Sparta declares war against Athens in 431 B.C. Athens had the strongest sea power Sparta had the advantage because the inland city could not easily be attacked from the sea Spartans marched on Athens (siege)

19. Sparta Gains the Edge Plague kills roughly 1 to 2/3 of the population of Athens including Pericles 415 B.C. Athenian assembly sent a fleet carrying 27,000 soldiers to destroy the polis of Syracuse (one of Sparta’s wealthiest Allies) Expedition was defeated 404 B.C. Athens and its allies surrendered – Sparta WINS Leads to weakening of Athens as a whole

20. Philosophers

21. Socrates Absolute standards existed for truth and justice Encouraged Greeks to question themselves and their moral character “The unexamined life is not worth living” 70 years old sent to trial for “corrupting” the youth Condemned to death – drank poison

22. Plato Student of Socrates The Academy The Republic – his vision of a perfectly governed society 3 groups – farmers/artisans, warriors, ruling class Not a democracy Philosopher-King – greatest insight and intellect Wrote the Republic

23. Aristotle Questioned the nature of the world and of human belief, thought, and knowledge Scientific Method Everything in moderation