1. New Movements in America
Chapter 13

2. Immigrants and Urban Challenges
The Big Idea
The population of the United States grew rapidly in the early 1800s with the arrival of millions of immigrants.

3. Millions of Immigrants Arrive
Main Idea 1:
Millions of immigrants, mostly German and Irish, arrived in the United States despite anti-immigrant movements.

4. Millions of Immigrants Arrive
Large numbers of European immigrants crossed the Atlantic in the mid-1800s to begin new lives in the United States.
America was attractive because it provided
Jobs
Greater freedom and equality
Abundant land

5. Millions of Immigrants Arrive
From over 1.5 million Irish arrived in the US because of a potato famine
Many were very poor and took low paying jobs in Northeast – Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania
Irelands best – U2
Irish immigrants arriving in Boston harbor

7. Millions of Immigrants Arrive
Many Germans moved to the Midwest
Most were working class and came for economic reasons.
Many became farmers and lived in rural areas.
Many German immigrants built houses made of sod

8. Millions of Immigrants Arrive
Both the Irish and Germans were mostly Catholic
Most Americans were Protestants before the new immigration.
Conflict developed between Protestants and newly arrived Catholic immigrants
Bono and the Pope, who is the head of the Catholic Church

9. Millions of Immigrants Arrive
Many native-born Americans feared losing jobs to immigrants, who might work for lower wages.
Nativists were Americans who disliked immigrants because they thought that immigrants
Took Americans’ jobs
Brought crime and disease
And were Catholic
Nativists from the movie Gangs of New York

11. Millions of Immigrants Arrive
Nativists founded a political party called the Know-Nothing Party in 1849
Wanted to keep Catholics & immigrants out of public office
Wanted immigrants to live in United States for 21 years before becoming citizens
A cartoon that shows how the Know-Nothing Party viewed immigrants

14. Rapid Growth of Cities Main Idea 2:
Industrialization led to the growth of cities.

15. Rapid Growth of Cities
The rise of industry and the growth of cities led to creation of a new middle class
Merchants, manufacturers, professionals, and master craftspeople
New economic level between wealthy and poor
Poor Middle Class Wealthy

16. Rapid Growth of Cities
People found entertainment and enriched cultural life in cities.
Cities were compact and crowded during this time.

17. Urban Problems Main Idea 3:
American cities experienced urban problems due to rapid growth.

18. Urban Problems
Many city dwellers, particularly immigrants, lived in tenements: poorly designed apartment buildings that housed large numbers of people
Fire was a constant and serious danger in crowded cities.

19. Urban Problems
Public services were poor—no clean water, public health regulations, or healthy way to get rid of garbage.
Cities became centers of criminal activity, and most had no organized police force.