2. “The Rise of Dictators in Asia”

3. Background: The Chinese Republic A.February 1912: last Qing emperor abdicates the throne Outcome: Republic of China formed 1. Kuomintang- Chinese nationalist party 2. led by Sun Yixian

5. B.Chiang Kai-shek- military commander who takes over leadership of Nationalists in 1925 1. establishes Nationalist govt. w/ him as dictator 2. Purge of 1927: eliminate Communists within China 3. attempts to industrialize China Problem: does not eliminate suffering of Chinese peasants

6. C.Mao Zedong- becomes leader of Chinese Communists during the “Long March” 1. advocated land reform & tax reform = gained peasant support - peasants joined Communists - many join Red Army (Communist Army) - wrote his communist idea in “Little Red Book”

7. Background: The Empire of Japan A.Meiji Restoration turns Japan into industrial & military power Positive Effects: 1. growth of cities & population 2. higher standard of living 3. Westernization of Japan Negative Effects: 1. lack raw materials/resources 2. foreign tariffs 3. traditional values questioned

8. B. Japanese military officers hold great power in Japan 1. Hidecki Tojo: leader of the Japanese military who wants Japan to militarize 2. Emperor Hirohito: leader of Japan who supports militarism and traditional values in Japan

9. Result: - militaristic govt. influences social, political, & economic life Japanese Belief: Japan should become independent of Western influence and the West should stay out of Asia

10. Japan seizes Manchuria - September 1931: Japanese army seizes Manchuria, China - League of Nations condemns the aggression (cannot enforce) Result: Japan withdraws from League of Nations

11. Japan Invades China - July 7, 1937: Japanese army attacks N. China - Conquer Beijing, Nanjing (capital), & most of north China

13. Japan Bombs Pearl Harbor

14. December 7, 1941: Japan attacks U.S. Navy Base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii

15. Japanese Kamikaze Planes: Kamikaze Pilots Suicide Bombers

16. Farthest Extent of Japanese Conquests

17. Allied Offensive

18. Options to End the War Option 1: Land Invasion Option 2: Drop the Atomic Bomb Pros: - less civilian loss of life Cons: - massive amount of Allied casualties - war will take longer to end - requires largest invasion force ever Pros: - less American casualties - quicker end to the war Cons:- catastrophic loss of Japanese civilian life

19. Hiroshima – August 6, 1945 © 70,000 killed immediately. © 48,000 buildings. destroyed. © 100,000s died of radiation poisoning & cancer later. But………….

20. Japan does not surrender……………

21. Nagasaki – August 9, 1945 © 40,000 killed immediately. © 60,000 injured. © 100,000s died of radiation poisoning & cancer later. This time………….

22. Japan Surrenders

23. Chinese Civil War: 1945 to 1950 Chinese Nationalists Chinese Communists led by Chiang Kai-shekled by Mao Zedong Outcome: Mao Zedong and the Communists win Result: China becomes a Communist nation!