1. M IGRATION IN A FRICA

2. 1.W HAT DOES THIS IMAGE PORTRAY ABOUT THE CONDITIONS IN A FRICA ? 2.H OW DO YOU THESE CONDITIONS AFFECT THE MIGRATION PATTERNS WITHIN A FRICA ? WARM UP

3. I NFLUENCES OF M IGRATION Civil Wars: Rwanda Uganda Sudan Sierra Leone Demand for resources Salt Diamonds Cacao Gold Petroleum Slavery Triangle Trade Arab Trade

4. B ANTU M IGRATION WHO? Group of peoples and cultures who speak one of the Bantu languages WHEN? Started around 2000 B.C. WHERE? in southeastern Nigeria WHAT? Bantu moved southward spreading their language and culture throughout Africa linking various areas of the continent WHY? Land shortages forced Bantu people to migrate throughout Africa

5. A FRICAN S LAVE T RADE Europeans waited on the coast for African merchants to bring the slaves to them Europeans traded for slaves in exchange for guns and other goods. Europeans had a great need for slaves in the Americ as Many African rulers took part in the slave trade with other African rulers and Arabs before dealing with the Europeans

6. T RIANGLE T RADE Rum and manufactured tools were sent to Africa in exchange for Slaves brought to the Americas.

7. I NTERNAL S LAVERY Forced Labor for Mining Africans are forced to work in the mining fields throughout Africa especially in the Sub- Saharan (South of the Saharan desert) region. Child Labor Estimated that some 80 million children between the ages of 10-14 work across Africa. 100 million child laborers in 2015 is expected Estimated 660,000 in sub-Saharan Africa are forced to work in poor conditions with the constant fear of penalties and fines Children migrate because of pressure from their parents. Often they migrate from their poverty stricken (poor) countries to other similar poor countries in search of work leaving them in similar conditions to where they migrated from.

8. RESOURCES IN AFRICA Create a T-chart in your Spiral. Use pg.417-418 in your book to fill in the chart below RESOURCESUSES GOLDMONEY,JEWELRY, DECORATION Platinum Chromium Copper Diamonds Oil How would the resources above affect migration within Africa? Migration ClipMigration Clip

9. R ESOURCES IN A FRICA CONTINUED … Europeans colonial rulers had the ability to export the minerals for a profit However since European colonies no longer exist in Africa, Africa has been slow to develop the infrastructure (factories) and industries needed to profit from exporting the minerals. Despite Africa’s great mineral wealth, Africa still does not have great economic prosperity (wealth) for most of its population

10. C IVIL WARS - - The months of April 1994 through July 1994, was known as the genocidal period in Rwanda. Between half a million and a million people were massacred during this period. - These refugees concentrated in huge numbers at barren places with no sanitation, polluted water and little food. These conditions have caused great suffering and mass death. Source http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/rwanda.htm Rwanda -Between two groups -Tutsis (11%) -Hutus (88%) As a result, many refugees (mostly Hutus) fled Rwanda to neighboring Zaire (2 million), Tanzania (480,000), Burundi (200,000) and Uganda (10,000). In addition, another 1 million refugees were believed to be within Rwanda.

11. C IVIL WARS CONTINUED Sierra Leone Began in 1991 Revolutionary United Front (RUF) under Foday Sankoh vs. Sierra Leone Government Tens of thousands died and more than 2 million people (well over one- third of the population) were displaced because of the 11-year conflict. Control of Sierra Leone's diamond industry was a primary cause of the war.