1. History and Governments of Africa South of the Sahara

2. 1. The people who migrated from Nigeria around 3000 B.C. are known as the Bantu. TRUE

3. 2. A blend of Arab and African ways in the East African coastal region led to the rise of the Swahili culture. TRUE

4. 3. The early trading empire of Ghana controlled trade between the Sahara and East Africa’s rain forests. FALSE The early trading empire of Ghana controlled trade between the Sahara and West Africa’s rain forests

5. 4. Europeans introduced the slave trade to the African continent FALSE For centuries, African rulers had enslaved and traded prisoners. Arab traders had brought enslaved Africans to the Islamic world since the 800s

6. 5-European countries carved the region into colonies, ripping apart once-unified regions. TRUE

7. 6. European rule resulted in the establishment of many industries. FALSE European rule resulted in the establishment of few industries

8. 7. Many African colonies became independent countries in the late 1800s. FALSE Many African colonies became independent countries in the late 1900s

9. 8. Kwame Nkrumah led one of the first nationalist movements. TRUE

10. 9. Many African countries have suffered from civil wars due to ethnic and religious conflicts. TRUE

11. 10. Apartheid was carried out through laws that combined ethnic groups and increased the rights of black South Africans. FALSE Apartheid was carried out through laws that separated ethnic groups and limited the rights of black South Africans.

12. a. hunter-gather: Early Africans lived as hunter-gathers, or people who moved from place to place to hunt and gather food.

13. b. plantation: Europeans forced Africans to work large farms called plantations.

14. c. nationalism: As the 1900s began, feelings of nationalism arose among European- educated Africans. Nationalism is a people’s desire to rule themselves and have their own independent country.

15. d. discrimination: After WWI, more Africans became politically active. They staged protests against discrimination, or unfair and unequal treatment as a group.

16. e. refugee: After independence in the 1900s, many of the new countries suffered from civil wars. During these civil wars, many people died or became refugees, people who flee to another country to escape mistreatment of disaster.

17. f. apartheid: In South Africa, white South Africans strengthened their rule through a system known as apartheid. The policy of apartheid, or apartness, was carried out through laws that separated ethnic groups and limited the rights of black people. Black people had to live in separated areas called “homelands,” that had few resources.