1. Abnormal Psychology A Power Point With Stiles

2. Welcome to 1-800-PSYCH Hello, welcome to the Psychiatric Hotline. If you are obsessive-compulsive, please press 1 repeatedly. If you are co-dependent, please ask someone to press 2. If you have multiple personalities, press 3,4,5, and 6. If you are paranoid-delusional, we know who you are and what you want. Just stay on the line so we can trace the call. If you are schizophrenic, listen carefully and a little voice will tell you which number to press.

3. Mental Health Statistics 2 million “in- patient” in psychiatric units 2.4 million group home residents 15% utilize treatments for psychological disorders 400 million world wide are in need of psychological assistance

4. Historical Perspectives of Abnormal Psychology Demonological & Supernatural –Trephination Medical Model –Hippocrates 4 th Century –Dominated after 15 th Century (Asylums) –Also called the Biological Model Father of Medicine

5. Modern Perspectives of Psychological Disorders Biopsychological Model –Diagnosis by Symptoms –Therapy based on medical intervention –Gaining more credibility –Helped to initiate Health Reforms

6. Modern Perspectives of Psychological Disorders Bio-psycho-social Model –Eclectic –Drugs & cognitive Therapies Biological (evolution, individual genes, brain structures and chemistry) Psychological (stress, trauma, learned helplessness, mood-related, perceptions and memories) Sociocultural (roles, expectations, definition of normality and disorder

7. The city of San Diego evicted 54 year old Richard Thompson and all his belongings from his home. His belongings included shirts, pants, dozens, of shoes, several bibles, a cooler, a tool chest, lawn chairs, a barbecue grill, tin plates, bird-cages, two pet rats, and his self fashioned bed. For the previous 9 months, Thompson had lived happily and without any problems in a downtown storm drain (sewer). Because the city does not allow people to live in storm drains, Thompson was evicted from his underground storm-drain home and forbidden to return. Although Thompson later lived in several care centers and mental hospitals, he much preferred the privacy and comfort of the sewer. (Grimaldi, 1986) Is Thompson’s living in the sewer abnormal?

8. Unjustifiable –Sad vs. Depression Maladaptive –Harmful Atypical –Not shared by many (visions) Disturbing Snowy Farr

9. David Rosenhan: Pseudo- Patient Experiment Investigated reliability of psychiatric diagnoses Eight healthy people entered psychiatric hospitals complaining of hearing strange voices Once admitted to the hospital, they behaved normally and claimed that the voices had disappeared

10. Rosenhan: Results Staff treated patients as if they were really ill Staff noted “abnormal” symptoms Kept patients for an average of 19 days Discharged with diagnosis of “schizophrenia in remission”

11. Rosenhan: Nonexistent Impostor Experiment Told hospital staff to expect pseudo-patients (“impostors”) No pseudo-patients were actually sent, but staff identified 41 anyway (these were, in fact, real patients)

12. Rosenhan: Implications Psychiatrists disputed the results Prompted changes in psychiatric diagnosis The DSM-IV

13. DSM-IV Classification System Provides Diagnostic Criteria 5 AXES Reliable? ! Labeling –advantages and disadvantages 1952 2011 Schizophrenic Bi-Polar

14. Modern Perspectives of Psychological Disorders Psychoanalytic Model –Inspired by Freud –“Talking Cure” –Dominated early to mid 20 th century –Long Term –Free Association –Dream Analysis

15. Modern Perspectives of Psychological Disorders Behavioral Model –Emphasis on Learning –Observational Learning –Systematic Desensitization –Aversion Therapy –Token Economies –Flooding + =

16. Modern Perspectives of Psychological Disorders Cognitive Model –Irrational thought processes are the cause of psychological disorders –Popular model –Rational Emotive Therapy –Cognitive Therapy 98% OH NO! I only got 98%.

17. efining Abnormality D eviant D istressful D ysfunctional Snowy Farr