1. I. European Trade With China
Chap 15.4 – Encounters in East Asia
I. European Trade With China

2. Portuguese traders reached China in 1514
A. Strict Limits on Trade
Portuguese traders reached China in 1514

3. A. Strict Limits on Trade
The Ming allowed the Portuguese to build a trading post at Macao, near Canton

4. A. Strict Limits on Trade
European goods were inferior to Chinese products and the Chinese demanded payment in gold or silver

5. A. Strict Limits on Trade
Trade was supervised by imperial officials and Europeans had to sail away when the trading season ended

6. B. Scholars and Missionaries
A few Europeans, like Jesuit priest Matteo Ricci, made a positive impression on Ming China

7. B. Scholars and Missionaries
Ricci learned to speak Chinese and adopted Chinese dress but had little success spreading religion

8. II. The Manchu Conquest
The Ming dynasty was failing and in 1644, Manchu armies seized Beijing and made it their capital

9. A. Qing Rule
The Manchu set up a new dynasty called the Qing (“pure”) - two important rulers were Kangxi and his grandson Qianlong
Emperor Kangxi
Emperor Qianlong

10. A. Qing Rule
Kangxi ruled for 61 years and spread Chinese power and culture into Central Asia

11. A. Qing Rule
Qianlong ruled for 60 years, expanded China's borders, and ruled the largest area in China's history
Manchu ruled China: Qing dynasty ( AD) - last imperial dynasty in China

12. B. Prosperity
The Chinese economy grew, new crops from the Americas boosted farm output, and the population boomed

13. B. Prosperity
Handicraft industries grew and European demand for Chinese goods increased

14. C. Response to Westerners
Restricting foreign trade proved disastrous - in the 1800s China learned about western advances the hard way

15. III. Korea and Isolation
Like China, Korea restricted outside contacts in the 1500s and 1600s and became known as the "Hermit Kingdom”

16. III. Korea and Isolation
A Japanese invasion in the 1590s devastated the land of Korea

17. III. Korea and Isolation
In 1636, the Manchus conquered Korea and Korea became a tributary state

18. IV. Japan and Foreign Traders
The Portuguese reached Japan in 1543, followed by the Spanish, Dutch, and English

19. IV. Japan and Foreign Traders
At first, Japan was more open to European missionaries like Francis Xavier than China

20. IV. Japan and Foreign Traders
The Tokugawa shoguns became hostile and saw foreigners as agents of an invading force

21. IV. Japan and Foreign Traders
They expelled missionaries and executed thousands of Japanese Christians

22. IV. Japan and Foreign Traders
By 1638, the Tokugawas barred all western merchants, forbid Japanese travel abroad and outlawed the building of large ships

23. IV. Japan and Foreign Traders
They permitted just one or two Dutch ships a year to trade at a small island in Nagasaki harbor

24. IV. Japan and Foreign Traders
Japan maintained a policy of strict isolation until it was forced to reopen contacts with the western world in 1853