2. Refers to the idea that the educational system does not offer the same type of opportunities for upward mobility to both genders equally. Sex Discrimination

3. Worldwide, men are more likely to be literate. With 100 men literate for every 88 women.

4. Girls are significantly ahead of boys in writing ability at all levels of primary and secondary education. Boys are slightly ahead of girls in mathematics ability

5. The 2005 averages saw male to female university participants at a 43 to 57 ratio(Marklein,2005). 2005- 2006 Women- earned more Associate’s, Bachelor’s and Master’s degree than men. Men- earned more Doctorate’s.

6. United Kingdom- 8% Iran- 12% Canada- 15%

7. Course- taking(esp. in high school) Cultural Norms Idea of Hidden Curriculum

8. Consequences of Sex Discrimination Sex Discrimination results to: Substantial gender gap in pay towards women. Women not being prepared or qualified to pursue more prestigious, high paying occupations. Women being more passive quiet and less assertive.

9. Gender Gap in Education: LITERACY SPECIFIC Advantage of males over females in Science and Math Gender Gap in Education Falling behind of males in literacy

10. NAEP- Girls have met or exceeded the reading performance of boys at all levels. Literacy Gap Fourth Grade Males being developmentally two years behind the average girl in reading and writing. Middle School Level Educational Tasting Service Eight-grade males and females are more than six times greater than the differences in mathematical reasoning favoring males.

11. Evaluation of Educational Achievement(IEA) found gender to be the most predictor of performance in a study of 14 country’s studies have attributed these disparities to several main factors. First is the difference in the brain function of males and females.

12. FEMALE Speaking, Reading and Writing Feel empathy and better understanding and reflect on their feelings and the feelings of others

13. MALE Recall facts and rules and to recognize Visual- spatial and visual- motor skills,(geography, science and math)

14. Males are less likely to share opinions about literacy and less likely to express to a teacher when having difficulty, feeling frustrated or just plain not understanding the materials. Instead, males fidget, get distracted, receive reprimands and often quit all together. In Addition Boys typically take longer to learn than girls do. Although they excel over females when it comes to “information retrieval and work related literacy task”. It is society, through create those gaps and sustaining of gender norms, that creates these gaps and causes boys to shy away from feminity in order to guard their masculinity.

16. http://www.unicef.org/education/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_and _education#The_Issue REFERENCES