1. ALLAH The Supreme Being in the religion of Islam.
“Allah” is Arabic, High Being/The God.
His image is not to be drawn or created in any form.
To Muslims, We are closer to him than [his]the jugular vein. Surat Qaf 50:16
He is mentioned 2,700 times in the Koran.
although Koranical verses about him can be etched on mosques .
he is the Creator and there is nothing like him and on the other hand,
Allah’s name sign to simply point upward
Al means the and Allah means God—Allah.

2. Ali b.Talib c. AD 598-661 The cousin and son-in-law to Mohammad.
Shi’a Islam is founded on his teaching.
He is the first Shi'a Imam and fourth caliph.
The first Imam means he was the first leader of Shi’a Islam.
Shi’as believe he should have succeeded Mohammad and not Abu Bakr as Califa/Khalifa. This is the main difference of the two groups. Another difference is the Sunnis/ Shi’a school is the question of marriage and inheritance, and the ritual call to prayer.
His name sign is based on his being the second leader of Islam after Mohammad.
Caliph was the leader of the Islamic community.

3. Ayatollah Ayatollah means “The Sign of God.”
Ayatollahs are not found in the Sunni School of Islam.
A black turban is worn by those who can trace their lineage to Mohammad.
Ayatollah Khomeini preferred the title Imam over Ayatollah.
When transcribing from one text to another text, as Arabic to Roman, It is important to remember that such information of text is phonetically thus there are many ways of spelling any one word.
This is a title given to cleric scholars of the Shi’a School. The title can be self proclaimed or given by peers.
After the 1979 Islamic Revolution, there was a considerable amount of men assuming this title
One can receive the title of Great (Grand) Ayatollah, Ayatollah al-Uzma (The Greatest Sign of God).

4. Bedouin Bedouins live throughout the Middle East and Northern Africa.
Bedouins were the first inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula and earliest converts to Islam.
Due to their nomadic lifestyle, Arabic was able to spread and standardize at a faster rate.
With victorious campaigns, they became the leaders of the Arabic Empire.
They are responsible for the trade routes to the far east. This helped spread the religion and the Arabic language (new vocabulary from the far East). This was the origins of Arabic becoming the dominant language of the Middle East.
3 on chin

5. Hamas
Hamas is an acronym, Harakat Muqawama al- Islamiyya meaning zeal.
Hamas has won political seats in the Lebanese government.
This organization is Shi’a based.
Iran has interest in seeing Hamas maintain political power and social dominance in Lebanon.
This began as a resistance movement. It has used funding to set up social programs
Wrap hand around head-turbin

6. Islam One of the world’s three major religions.
Islam is based on revelation.
Christianity is based on teaching and Judaism is based on tradition.
Islam means To Submit.
Islam's two main branches are Sunni and Shi’a.
They make up Muslim life, prayer, concern for the needy, self purification and the pilgrimage.
The crescent moon is a symbol of Islam which was adopted via the Byzantine Empire
They are:
Shahadah: declaring there is no god except God, and Muhammad is God's Messenger- Like Tears
Salat: ritual prayer five times a day Palms up and open
Zakat: giving 2.5% of one’s savings to the poor and needy- steal
Sawm: fasting and self-control during the holy month of Ramadan- fast
Hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime[5][6] if one is able[7]- rocks at the devil
The symbol is called the Hilal.

7. Jihad The term means to strive or to struggle.
It has been interpreted as a holy war against other religions rendered with on violence.
Jihad can refer to removing worldliness from oneself. This is an inner Jihad/holy war.
Many people consider Jihad the sixth pillar of Islam.
PBUH- Peace Be Upon Him
Shaken fist
Sign Bolshevik
Struggle of good and evil, meaning "struggle" or "resisting". Muslims and scholars do not all agree on its definition.

8. Koran: Holy book of the Islam
It contains 114 Suras (chapters).
Koran means The Reading.
According to Muslims, the words of the Koran are recorded on a sacred tablet in Heaven.
The language of the Koran is High Arabic or Classical Arabic.
It is not intended to be translated into other languages as its message will lose it meaning. One needs authorization to translate It into other languages only Turkey has this permission
The longest chapters appear first and the shortest ones are second.
In the original Arabic there were not numbers of chapters, there were names: the Cow, the Unity, and Abraham.
It is used for spiritual enlightenment, social definition and jurisprudence.
/Quran/Qu’ran

9. Mecca (Saudi Arabia) It has been called the Mother of All Cities.
It houses the Grand Mosque; this is the most holy Mosque in Islam.
Mecca is the city where the Fifth Pillar is performed, the Hajj.
Mecca has been the central city for Islam since AD 624.
Non Muslims are not allowed to enter Mecca.
“O” hand shapes making a circle or spread the fingers
You can get in very bad trouble for breaking religious laws.

10. Mohammad 570-632 His name means The Praised (One).
Images of the Prophet are never to be drawn or displayed.
Mohammad had no sons—or successors. Thus began the struggle for his leadership role.
By the Georgian calendar, he was 62.
Mawlid Arabic: "Birth of the Prophet",
Tell the story of how Mohammad became the prophet and how Islam began. Black turbans means a direct descendant of Mohammad
The word Mohammadism is incorrect terminology as his revelation is not a philosophy.
His Hijrah (emigration) begins the Islamic lunar calendar
Sunni Muslims observe the Prophet Muhammed's birthday on the 12th day of the Islamic month of Rabi' al-awwal, while Shi'a Muslims mark it on the 17th of this month.
Muhammed was born in Mecca, now in Saudi Arabia, in the year 570 of the Gregorian calendar. The precise date of his birth is unclear
He died unexpectedly of fever on AD June 8, 632.
) Wives Married Khadija bint Khuwaylid 595–619 Sawda bint Zamʿa 619–632 Aisha bint Abi Bakr 619–632 Hafsa bint Umar 624–632 Zaynab bint Khuzayma 625–627 Hind bint Abi Umayya 625–632 Zaynab bint Jahsh 627–632 Juwayriyya bint al-Harith 628–632 Ramla bint Abi Sufyan 628–632 Rayhana bint Zayd 629–631 Safiyya bint Huyayy 629–632 Maymunah bint al-Harith 630–632 Maria al-Qibtiyya 630–632 Children
Children
Sons
Qasim
`Abd-Allah
Ibrahim
Daughters Zainab
Ruqayyah
Umm Kulthoom
Fatimah Zahra

11. Mosques of Various Types
Court and hall: Arabia, Spain and North Africa.
Clay and brick mosque or T- Shape: North and West Africa.
Two central axes: Iran, central Asia, Egypt.
Poly dome mosque: Turkey.
Central dome, pencil minarets: Ottoman Empire, Turkey.
Free standing pavilions and walled garden: China.
Pyramid, Tent shape: Asia.
Onion Dome: India.
Paul replaced “and” with “of” in the title of this slide. There was also a single dash “-” which I replaced with a colon ‘:’.
Beauty must come from with in not external
Notice the red minaret?
] With the later Fatimid Caliphate, mosques throughout Egypt evolved to include schools (known as madrasas), hospitals, and tombs.[10]
Jama Masjid in Delhi remains India's largest mosque and a classic example of the Mughal style of architecture.
Muslim empires were instrumental in the evolution and spread of mosques. Although mosques were first established in India during the 7th century, they were not commonplace across the subcontinent until the arrival of the Mughals in the 16th and 17th centuries. Reflecting their Timurid origins, Mughal-style mosques included onion domes, pointed arches, and elaborate circular minarets, features common in the Persian and Central Asian styles

12. Mosque Types

14. Muslim Muslims, One Who Submits.
Muslims, at one time, faced Jerusalem for prayer. Mohammad was trying to win support of Arab Jews. Muslims now face Mecca.
Jerusalem in not mentioned in the Koran but Mecca is mentioned.
Palms open or bowing
Submitted by Samer Sukhun (Canada), Apr 27, 2008 at 00:56
Mecca is mentioned in the Quran by the name of Bakka, but we know it means Mecca
The city of Mohammad was called Yathrib - then later its name was changed to be called the lightend city
The word Medina is mentioned 14 times - but it does not the Medina of Mohammad
Because Medina in Arabic mean CITY, so the word Medina mentioend 14 times in the Quran mean City, refers to any city such as in one verse it means the city of Moses Pharaoh, on another it means the city of Joseph the prophet, another the city of Lot, city in jordan (the people in the cave), City in Oman, Egyptian city of Moses, another city in Palestine, The city of Yathrib (As was the prophet city Medina called when Mohammad was living in Medina)
So we know the 3 cities are mentioned indirectly in the Quran (Bakka, Yathrib, and Jerusalam).

15. Shi’a/Shi’ite One of two major branches of Islam.
Shi’a Partisan, consists of 10% of the Islamic world. The majority of Shi’a followers can be found in Iran.
Shi'a does have religious leaders who guide one in their faith.
They believe that the succeeding leader after Mohammad needs to be selected through hereditary lineage.
There are also large populations in Afghanistan, Iraq and Tajikistan.

16. Sunni
Sunni means Majority. This branch of Islam consists of 90% of the Islamic world.
Sunni Islam does not have Ayatollahs or others to spiritually intercede.
They believe that the next successor after Mohammad should be selected by the merits of his life not by heredity.
Sunnis are not protestants

17. Four Righteous Caliphs: Sunni and Shi’s Islam

18. HAMAS Leadership

19. Black and White Tubins

20. Tomb of Ayatollah Khomeini Tehran