1. Venice (Italy) had MONOPOLY of trade with Asia Other countries search for sea routes Prince Henry (Portugal) & experts develop CARAVEL & pays for exploration Portuguese Capt. Dias finds route around Africa Portuguese set up trade along east Africa (gold, Ivory, slaves) sole control small, sturdy ship

2. King Ferdinand & Queen Isabella (Spain) fund voyage across Atlantic Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria (largest) Finds land – names it San Salvador Meets Taino – calls them Indians Leaves sailors at La Navidad Returns to Spain- Hero – lands visited claimed to Spain

3. Line of Demarcation – boundary of Spain’s exploration & monopoly rights (West of line = Spain, East of line = Portugal) Treaty of Todesillas – line moves west (Portugal rights to Africa & Brazil)

4. Portugal’s King Manuel chooses de Gama to lead expedition around Cape of Good Hope Leads to TRADE

5. Looked for western route to Asia Believes Columbus’ islands are larger Mapmakers call them North & South America

6. Explores for passage THROUGH Americas Discovers PACIFIC OCEAN (calls it “South Sea”)

7. Finds Strait around South America (Strait of Magellan) Opens to calm water – names it Pacific Ocean Reaches Asia & Philippines

8. (transfer of animals, plants & disease from the “Old World” to the “New World”) OLD NEW: grains – wheat, barley animals – cattle, horse, pig disease – smallpox, measles, typhus (*killed many Native Americans) NEW OLD: plants - corn, tomatoes, potatoes animals

9. Francisco Pizarro Early 1530s-Invaded the Inca Empire Conquered the Inca by 1534

10. Explored Florida and as far north as modern day North Carolina. First European to cross the Mississippi River.

11. Explored western North America

12. Transition from conquering new land to settling and controlling empire 1524 –wrote laws –appointed officials –oversaw government in Spanish America

14. Martin Luther led as effort to reform Catholic Church Reformers called PROTESTANT because protested Began in Germany & spread through Europe Leads to England & Spain in war

15. Spanish/English War Spain King Philip I Supports Catholic Church Spanish Armada (naval fleet) England Queen Elizabeth I Anglican Church (Church of England) Sea Dogs (English sailors)

16. Great Lakes region & St. Lawrence River Fur trade with Indians 1600s- traveled south Joliet & Marquette travel Mississippi Miss. River Valley claimed for King Lous XIV & named Louisiana

17. Delaware & Connecticut Rivers Called New Netherlands New Amsterdam on Manhattan Island Allowed other Europeans & practiced religious tolerance

18. Sir Walter Raleigh – Virginia & North Carolina Tried to form Roanoke, but fighting with Indians & lack of food led to failure