1. Immunology

2. 1. What are Infectious Diseases?
2. Pathogens cause infectious diseases.
2. Infectious Disease: when a microorganism causes physiological changes that disrupt normal body functions.
Questions: What are pathogens? What does physiological mean?

3. 1. What are the agents of Disease?
2. Viruses 2. Bacteria 2. Fungi 2. “Protists” 2. Parasitic Worms

4. 1. How do infectious diseases spread?
2. Coughing, Sneezing, Physical contact 3. Some viruses and bacteria cause host to cough or sneeze to help transmit itself to another host. 2. Exchange of bodily fluids 2. Contaminated Water or Food 2. Zoonoses: Disease transmitted from animal to human. Question: What do we call animal carriers?

5. 1. How do we protect against pathogens?
2. Nonspecific Defenses 3.First Line of Defense 4. Skin, saliva, mucus, tears, stomach 3. Second Line of Defense 4. Inflammatory Response 4. Red, painful, inflamed 4. Sends histamines (increase blood and fluid)

6. 3. Interferons – inhibit synthesis of viral proteins 4
3. Interferons – inhibit synthesis of viral proteins 4. Slows down production of viruses 3. Fever – Increase of body temperature. 4. Slow down or stop pathogen growth. 4. Speed up immune response.

7. 1. How does our immune system (specific defense) help?
2. Knows the difference between “self” and “other” 3. Recognizing “Self” 4. Chemical markers let immune system know it is OK for that cell or protein to be there. 3. Recognizing “Other” 4. Uses chemical weapon to attack 4. Memory helps quicker response next time.

8. 2. Antigens – any foreign substance that creates an immune response. 2
2. Antigens – any foreign substance that creates an immune response. 2. Antibodies – Tag antigens to be destroyed by immune cells. 3. Specific shape allows it to attach to specific antigen.

9. 1. What are lymphocytes?
2. B Lymphocytes – cells produced in and mature in bone marrow. 3. B Cells 3. Discover antigens in body fluid 3. Create memory cells that provide immunity.

10. 2. T Lymphocytes – produced in bone marrow, mature in thymus (gland) 3
2. T Lymphocytes – produced in bone marrow, mature in thymus (gland) 3. T Cells 3. Discover antigens when they’ve infected body cells or have been attacked by immune cells.

11. 1. What is acquired immunity?
2. Active Immunity 3. Vaccine adds antigens 4. Body creates memory cells. 2. Passive Immunity 3. External antibodies introduced 4. Ex: passed from mother to child. 3. Temporary

12. 1. What are some immune system disorders?
2. Asthma 3. Air passage narrows 2. Autoimmune Disease 3. Immune system attacks body’s own cells. 2. Allergies 3. Trigger inflammatory response caused by histamines.