1. Hopi Tribe
Jessica Puchalski

2. Location
Live in Southwestern part of the United States(present day Arizona and New Mexico)
Lived on top and under mesas, in Pueblos

3. Climate Land was a low, flat desert with some high plateaus
It was dry so not much wildlife
Hot during the day and cold at night

4. Resources Raised sheep for meet and wool
Used straw, clay and water to build their homes
Coal, sheep dung, wood for cooking and chairs
Used horses for transportation

5. Economic Lifestyle
In the beginning they were a hunting and gathering group divided into numerous small bands that lived in pit houses
Around 700 A.D. the Hopi became agricultural people growing corn using runoff from the mesas

6. Decline or Rising Status
Hopi lived on a 1.5 million acre reservation in northeastern Arizona
Have longest history of occupation of a single area by any Native American tribe
Lands were drastically reduced and their current reservation is only 9% of their original land
Originally occupied almost all Northern Arizona from California to parts of Southern Nevada

7. Migration of Culture Originally walked
Europeans brought horses to America
The Hopis used the horses and could now travel more quickly than before

8. Government
Had a theocratic government with a head priest (Kikmongwi) of each village
Today, each Hopi village still has its own kikmongwi, but he is primarily a religious leader
The Hopi nation is now led by an elected tribal council
Hopis live on a reservation, which is land that belongs to them and is under their control
Hopi Nation has its own government, laws, police, and services, just like a small country
Still US citizens and must obey American law

9. Relationships
Traded with other tribes Southwest (Pueblo tribes for the most part)
Navajos were trading partners at times, but also enemies and invaded Hopi villages

10. Culture Hopi children hunted with their fathers
Hopi woman were in charge of their family
Men were in charge of the tribes politics, agriculture and war
Hopis are matrilineal (trace their family through their mothers)
Political leaders and warriors were traditionally always men
Both genders took part in storytelling, music and artwork

11. Contributions to Society
Came up with dry Farming Method(farming without irrigation)
Developed techniques and practices used by farmers to adapt to the lack of moisture/rainfall

12. Religion Held special ceremonies in an underground room called a kiva
Believed in over 300 spirits called Kachinas
They carved Kachina dolls to teach their children the names and powers of spirits

13. Music
Sang about the kachina
Played drums and flutes

14. Literature Hopi is a complex language with long words
Distant relative of the Aztec language
Not related to other Pueblo languages at all
Hopi people speak English today, but still speak their native language as well
Ha’u (hah-uh) means "hello" in Hopi.

15. Art
Carved Kachina dolls
Made pottery and baskets

16. Clothing Girls wore a manta(blanket you wrap around yourself)
Woman also wore cotton robes with a embroidered belt
Hopi men wore breechcloths
Men often wore a sleeveless shirt worn like a poncho, leggings cut off just above the kneees and moccasins made of deer skin

17. Customs Held Kachina ceremonies in July
Marriage was a major event in their lives
Weddings take place over six to ten days (include elaborate gift exchanges between the bride and groom’s families)
Each part of her outfit is woven by the groom and the men of his family and given to her as a gift.  

18. Cuisine Ate crops such as corn
Bread, beans, melons, gourds, pumpkins and some fruits
Lots of space to plant, but there wasn’t much rain
Hunted meat products such as elk, deer, sheep, rabbit, buffalo
Farming was necessary and a lot of foods came from crops

19. Education
Passed down legends and fairytales through storytelling (very important to their culture)
Father taught son how to hunt
Children learn from parents

20. Technology Hunters used bows and arrows
During wars fired their bows or fought with spears
Tools included wooden farm implements, spindles and looms for weaving cotton (and later wool), and pump drills for boring holes in turquoise and other beads.

21. Works Cited http://www.bigorrin.org/hopi_kids.htm
mid=813
galleries/hopi%20wedding%20manta/
dry-land-farming/