1. US Expansion to 1800

2. US after Louisiana Purchase

3. US Expansion 13 original state 7 free, 6 slave 9 states added since original 13 1791-1819 FreeSlave VT-1791 KY-1792 OH-1803TN-1796 IN-1816 LA-1812 IL-1818MS-1817 AL-1819 22 state total by 1819 11 free 11 slave

4. Factors in Expansion Population doubles from 1800-1820 5.3 million to 9.6 million Farming practices demanded it no crop rotation wore out soil Plantation system limits availability Availability of cheap land Land act of 1820--80 acres $1.25 per acre Easy credit from Bank of US, state banks Natives were subdued east of Mississippi Internal Improvements Steam Boats opened up Ohio & Mississippi valleys National or Cumberland Road- Maryland to Illinois

5. Senatorial Crisis MO applied for statehood in 1819 as a SLAVE State first state carved entirely out of LA Purchase Tallmadge (NY) amendment forbid further importation of slaves into MO Provided for gradual emancipation of slaves in MO Infuriated south—threat to their livelihood Northern attempt to limit slavery—dangerous precedent Throw off balance in Senate Threatened secession Congress adjourns before senate acts

6. The Missouri Compromise 1820 congress reconvenes ME had applied for statehood—free state Congress compromised ME—admitted as free state MO—admitted as slave state Retained balance in the Senate for now 12 Slave states 12 free states Thomas (IL) Amendment No slavery north of 36° 30' in LA Purchase Most southern congressmen voted against compromise, but it was passed along with Missouri statehood

7. What’s wrong with this picture?

8. What’s right with this picture?

10. Foreshadowing: Jefferson: [with slavery, we have] “a wolf by the ears, and we can neither hold him nor safely let him go” John Quincy Adams: “I take it for granted that the present question is merely a preamble—a title page to a great, tragic volume”

11. Problems much larger territory north of 36° 30' than below it (senate)balance would be upset sooner or later separate set of laws for N and S dividing country across a line Runaway slave question-what happens to them? Returned? Free? no provisions for future purchases Puts off issue just as Constitution did Forget about it for 30 years or so

12. Monroe Doctrine the American continents, by the free and independent condition which they have assumed and maintain, are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers... It is impossible that the allied powers should extend their political system to any portion of either continent without endangering our peace and happiness; nor can anyone believe that our southern brethren, if left to themselves, would adopt it of their own accord. It is equally impossible, therefore, that we should behold such interposition in any form with indifference.

13. Monroe Doctrine-4 factors US wants to expand its territory Russia, Britain both threaten that Spain’s empire crumbling Mexico, Columbia want diplomatic recognition Great Britain was the biggest threat to US interests Dominate trade, military threat Growth of US industry demanded that US dominate trade with Latin America