1. 1 Albrecht Wagner DESY - Overview Mission: Development, construction and running of accelerators Exploit the accelerators for particle physics and research with synchrotron-radiation (SR) Budget: 165 M€ (2002) Staff:1560 in Hamburg and Zeuthen (including temp. staff) Internationally used, nationally funded Research Institute Accelerator development Photon Research SR & FEL Exp. & Theor. Particle Physics Particle Physics at HERA: 1100 Scientists (25 countr) 700 from abroad Research with SR: 2000 Scientists (33 countr) 700 from abroad XFEL and SC e + e LC 1000 Scientists (36 countr)

2. 2 Albrecht Wagner DESY - Research Study of the structure of matter from macroscopic to atomic scale at DORIS, PETRA and XFEL Structure of elementary particles, forces + origin of mass at (DORIS, PETRA), HERA, and a future LC Theory in particle physics + cosmology (including lattice gauge theory + development of specialised computers) Origin of cosmic high energy neutrinos (Amanda, IceCube at the South Pole) Detector R&D Accelerator R&D

3. 3 Albrecht Wagner DESY’s Accelerators - today TTF-Linac: Photo-Injector at Zeuthen: DESY-DORIS-PETRA-HERA: In total 16 km of accelerators

4. 4 Albrecht Wagner HERA Assure continued operation of HERA Assure high integrated luminosity for the three experiments H1, ZEUS, HERMES until the end of running of HERA, December 2006/June 2007 Lifetime: 1992 - 2007

5. 5 Albrecht Wagner HERA Questions: How big are electron and quark What is the proton made of Which properties do the fundamental forces have What is the origin of spin Are there new phenomena First collisions in 1992 Luminosity upgrade in 2000 HERA: Microscope - unique world-wide - with a resolution of 1/1000 of proton radius (10 -18 m)

6. 6 Albrecht Wagner HERA Running The HERA performance is further improving, the currents are increasing (I p : >90 mA (90); I e : >40 mA (50)) The background conditions even at high currents are good, but coasting beam and spikes need to be removed

7. 7 Albrecht Wagner Integrated Luminosity

8. 8 Albrecht Wagner Internationality at DESY Particle physics experiments at DESY 711 scientists from abroad Netherlands

9. 9 Albrecht Wagner Russia @ DESY Plus R&D for LC

10. 10 Albrecht Wagner Astroparticle physics Original contributions to the field in framework of international major projects Amanda/Icecube am Südpol

11. 11 Albrecht Wagner HASYLAB: DESY’s Synchrotron- Radiation Laboratory DORIS: 40 beam lines 80 experimental stations 7 operated by EMBL 1 operated by Max Planck Soc. High photon flux, ideal for studying large samples PETRA II: 1 undulator beam, 2 experiments, operation together with HERA

12. 12 Albrecht Wagner PETRA III Layout

13. 13 Albrecht Wagner DESY Strategy 2005 – 2009: PETRA III Strategy: start of reconstruction: 2007 first users: 2009 very low emittance mainly for hard X-rays open for future upgrades concept of outstations (e.g. EMBL, GKSS) 13 independent undulator beamlines, of which 7 undulator beamlines built and operated by DESY 1.5 beamlines financed by MPG (construction and operation) 4-5 undulator beamlines expected to be operated in collaboration with external institutions (GKSS, EMBL, …) provide users with first class sample environment and a service comparable to ESRF Parameters: - rebuilt of 1/8 of PETRA - refurbishment of 7/8 of PETRA - energy: 6 GeV - top up operation mode

14. 14 Albrecht Wagner XFEL a revolutionary photon source The excellent beam properties in the superconducting TESLA- LINAC allow to use the SASE (Self Amplifying Spontaneous Emission) principle Brillance: gain ~ 10 9 compared to existing facilities Photon beam: X-rays at 0.1 nm Full coherence (Laser) Pulse length < 100 fs (time scale of chemical reactions) Energy tuneable

15. 15 Albrecht Wagner The Story of SC Cavities SC RF structures for accelerators were developed in many countries To meet the challenge of high gradients needed for high energy Linear Colliders the TESLA collaboration has attracted ~ all the world expertise in SC, thus leading to major progress

16. 16 Albrecht Wagner The TESLA Collaboration The TESLA Collaboration: -at present 55 Institutes in 12 countries These institutes have contributed through hardware, manpower, and ideas to the facility and share the know-how concerning the construction and operation of the Sc linac JINR is member since 1995, many important contributions

17. 17 Albrecht Wagner Science with the X-FEL Movies of chemical reactions Main fields of research with the X-FEL: atomic, molecular and cluster phenomena, plasma physics non-linear processes and quantum optics condensed matter physics and materials science ultra-fast chemistry and life-sciences Plasma physics

18. 18 Albrecht Wagner Experience with TTF Proof of principle and first FEL-experiments at TTF I laser driven electron gun photon beam diagnostics undulator bunch compressor superconducting accelerator modules pre- accelerator e - beam diagnostics Tasks: Test of all components Operation for > 13 000 h Proof of Laser Base for costing Conclusion: The technical readiness has been demonstrated

19. 19 Albrecht Wagner Proof of the new Laser Principle  Transverse coherence Tuning of wave length The measured properties of the laser agree in all aspects with the theoretical expectations

20. 20 Albrecht Wagner 250 m RF gun FEL experimenta l area bypass 4 MeV150 MeV450 MeV 1000 MeV undulator s collimator bunch compressor Laser M1 M2 M3 M4M5M6M7 bunch compressor TTF and the VUV-FEL

21. 21 Albrecht Wagner Steering Committee chairman: H. Schunck (German Ministry of Science and Technology) kick-off meeting: Febr. 2 nd, 2004 Working Group on Administrative & Funding Issues chairman: H.-F. Wagner (German Ministry of Science and Technology kick-off meeting: March 19 th, 2004 Working Group on Scientific & Technical Issues chairman: F. Sette (ESRF, Grenoble, France) kick-off meeting: April 1 st /2 nd, 2004 2 nd meeting of Steering Committee: May 26th, 2004 European Steering and Working Groups

22. 22 Albrecht Wagner XFEL Site Proposal planned LC Site chosen to make maximum use of DESY infrastructure to avoid interference XFEL/LC Preparation of legal approval ‘Staatsvertrag’ in preparation

23. 23 Albrecht Wagner 2000 m 1200 m start in 2005 ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● complete in 2011 time schedule European XFEL Laboratory

24. 24 Albrecht Wagner Linear Collider Play leading role in this new develpoment of particle physics Continue R&D in international context, to prepare the German participation in a world-wide project The Technical Design Report incl. cost was published in March 2001

25. 25 Albrecht Wagner The Scientific Case for a LC A world-wide consensus has formed for a baseline LC project in which positrons collide with electrons at energies up to 500 GeV, with luminosity above 10 34 cm -2 s -1. The energy should be upgradable to about 1 TeV. Above this firm baseline, several options are envisioned whose priority will depend upon the nature of the discoveries made at the LHC and in the initial LC operation. The consensus document has been signed by > 2600 scientists from all around the world. http://www-flc.desy.de/lcsurvey/ http://www-flc.desy.de/lcsurvey/ Substantial overlap in running with LHC recommended

26. 26 Albrecht Wagner e+e- Colliders: The Challenges The challenges: Luminosity:high charge density (10 10 ), > 10,000 bunches/s very small vertical emittance (damping rings, linac) tiny beam size (5*500 nm) (final focus) Energy:high accelerating gradient (> 25 MV/m, 500 - 1000 GeV) To meet these challenges: A lot of R&D on LC’s world-wide For E > 200 GeV need to build linear colliders Proof of principle: SLC

27. 27 Albrecht Wagner High Gradients in EP nine-cell Cavities AC70: gradient of 39.4 MV/m at 2K using EP at DESY not treated at 1400 C High gradients is a high priority item at DESY and in TESLA collab. Test of 1/8th of a TESLA cryomodule at 5 Hz, 500  s fill, 800  s flat-top ->35 MV/m with no interruption related to cavity- coupler-klystron for more than 1000 hours No field emission

28. 28 Albrecht Wagner Next Milestones towards a Global Linear Collider 2004Selection of Collider Technology (warm or cold) and setting up of an international project team with branches in America, Asia and Europe Continuation of discussion between funding agencies Further studies of organisation structures 2005Start of work of project teams (‚Global Design Initiative‘) 2006Completion of the project layout (CDR) including costing 2007Submission of TDR to governments to go ahead with LC 2009Start major spending 2015Start of commissioning

29. 29 Albrecht Wagner The Elements of DESY The strength of DESY lies in its structure: Accelerators & Development Photon Research SR & FELs Exp. & Theor. Particle Physics Current Projects: HERA DORIS VUV-FEL + Photoinjector Amanda/Icecube Upgrade Project: PETRA SR European Facility: XFEL Planned Global Project: LC Leading role in accelerator development (SC RF acceleration) Clearly defined projects for the next 15-20 years

30. 30 Albrecht Wagner DESY Summary DESY has a long history in particle physics, research with synchrotron radiation and accelerator development. These field are of strong mutual benefit for each other Very successful development of the superconducting accelerating technology in international partnership The activities of the TESLA collaboration have influenced significantly many other accelerator projects The European X-FEL laboratory will provide a new generation of photon source based on the TESLA technology Strong world enthusiasm for a LC, aiming at political decision in 2007