1. 1 Albrecht Wagner, EPP2010, 16 May 2005, Chicago ILC - International Cooperation and Coordination The Point of view of DESY and Germany Albrecht Wagner, DESY and University of Hamburg EPP2010 Committee on Elementary Particle Physics in the 21st Century

2. 2 Albrecht Wagner, EPP2010, 16 May 2005, Chicago Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron Member of the Helmholtz Association Mission: Development, construction, operation and scientific exploitation of accelerators Provide access for national and international users Internationally used, nationally funded Research Institute Budget: 165 MEuro (2002) Staff:1560 in Hamburg and Zeuthen Users:3000 (1500 from abroad) Accelerator development Photon Research SR & FEL Exp. & Theor. Particle Physics

3. 3 Albrecht Wagner, EPP2010, 16 May 2005, Chicago Research Facilities at DESY and the ILC 199020002010 HERA ILC Particle Physics Photon Science DORIS PETRA as highest brilliance X-ray source VUV-FEL as research facility and ILC test bed European XFEL in Hamburg DESY operates today 16 km of accelerators

4. 4 Albrecht Wagner, EPP2010, 16 May 2005, Chicago DESY and the ILC – 1 1.European particle physics (ECFA) has identified the ILC as its top priority after the construction of the LHC 2.The TESLA collaboration with DESY has published in 2001 a Technical Design Report including a detailed cost estimate. 3.DESY has based its future in particle physics on the ILC, with the strong support of the German and European particle physicists and backed by the German government. 4.DESY is operating a test facility, based on the technology chosen for the ILC, and will build the European XFEL, a 20 GeV accelerator, starting in 2007. 5.DESY is committed to the participation in the ILC independent of its location and has proposed a concrete scheme for global collaboration and participation.

5. 5 Albrecht Wagner, EPP2010, 16 May 2005, Chicago ECFA Road Map The European Committee for Future Accelerators established in 2002 a road map for particle physics from an European view point. This road map was reconfirmed in 2004: The top priority, after completion of the LHC, is the participation in the ILC, as it will provide precise answers to nearly all big open questions in particle physics and will be complementary to LHC, independent of the scenario realised in nature. The OECD Global Science Forum, based on road maps in Asia, Europe and the US, has confirmed this priority and supports the timely construction of the ILC. The OECD Science ministers in 2004 endorsed this support

6. 6 Albrecht Wagner, EPP2010, 16 May 2005, Chicago LEP Example of Complementarity of Proton and Electron Colliders Direct observation Prediction of top quark mass by e+e- collider LEP through precision measurements of quantum fluctuations Direct observation at Tevatron -> Proof of Standard Model Combination allows -> Prediction of Higgs mass

7. 7 Albrecht Wagner, EPP2010, 16 May 2005, Chicago LHC / ILC and Supersymmetry Parameters © Ph. Bechtle SUSY parameter determination by LHC only and LHC+ILC Illustration of importance of information from both machines

8. 8 Albrecht Wagner, EPP2010, 16 May 2005, Chicago DESY and the ILC – 2 1.European particle physics (ECFA) have identified the ILC as their top priority after the construction of the LHC 2.The TESLA collaboration with DESY has published in 2001 a Technical Design Report including a detailed cost estimate. 3.DESY has based its future in particle physics on the ILC, with the strong support of the German and European particle physicists and backed by the German government. 4.DESY is operating a test facility, based on the technology chosen for the ILC, and will build the European XFEL, a 20 GeV accelerator, starting in 2007. 5.DESY is committed to the participation in the ILC independent of its location and has proposed a concrete scheme for global collaboration and participation.

9. 9 Albrecht Wagner, EPP2010, 16 May 2005, Chicago The TESLA Technical Design Report for an LC included an integrated XFEL It was developed by the TESLA Collaboration Number of authors: 1134 from 304 institutes in 36 Countries TESLA Technical Design Report

10. 10 Albrecht Wagner, EPP2010, 16 May 2005, Chicago TESLA Cost Evaluation Based on TTF experience and studies by industry (Year 2000 prices) 500 GeV Linear Collider with 1 experimental area 3136 M€ One detector for particle physics 210 M€ Personnel7000 person years ~ 500 M€

11. 11 Albrecht Wagner, EPP2010, 16 May 2005, Chicago DESY and the ILC – 3 1.European particle physics (ECFA) have identified the ILC as their top priority after the construction of the LHC 2.The TESLA collaboration with DESY has published in 2001 a Technical Design Report including a detailed cost estimate. 3.DESY has based its future in particle physics on the ILC, with the strong support of the German and European particle physicists and backed by the German government. 4.DESY is operating a test facility, based on the technology chosen for the ILC, and will build the European XFEL, a 20 GeV accelerator, starting in 2007. 5.DESY is committed to the participation in the ILC independent of its location and has proposed a concrete scheme for global collaboration and participation.

12. 12 Albrecht Wagner, EPP2010, 16 May 2005, Chicago ILC – the Future of Particle Physics at DESY The future of Particle Physics at DESY is firmly based on a participation in the ILC (physics, accelerator, detectors) Steps taken: R&D on accelerators (within the TESLA collaboration) and on detectors, strong involvement in making the physics case Submission of TDR to German government and its highest advisory body, the Science Council, for Evaluation Termination of operation of HERA in 2007 (one of the reasons) Key element of DESY 5-year strategic plan and funding request (200-2009) The TDR and this strategy have been endorsed by the German particle physicists, were reviewed and endorsed internationally (Science Council) and are supported by the German government through funding

13. 13 Albrecht Wagner, EPP2010, 16 May 2005, Chicago Evaluation of TESLA by German Science Council “The scientific questions addressed by the Linear Collider TESLA promise an exceptionally high gain in knowledge for fundamental questions of the micro- and macro cosmos.... A timely overlap of operation of TESLA and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is useful since it is expected that TESLA will be able to precisely investigate the properties of phenomena to be traced by the LHC. Construction and operation of the facility should be done in an international collaboration which allows all partners to actively be involved from their home institutions...”

14. 14 Albrecht Wagner, EPP2010, 16 May 2005, Chicago Government Decision on LC The decisions of the German Ministry for Education and Research concerning TESLA was published on 5 February 2003: “Today, no German site for the TESLA linear collider will be put forward. This decision is connected to plans to operate this project within a world-wide collaboration. DESY will continue its research work on TESLA in the existing international framework, to facilitate German participation in a future global project.”

15. 15 Albrecht Wagner, EPP2010, 16 May 2005, Chicago DESY and the ILC – 4 1.European particle physics (ECFA) have identified the ILC as their top priority after the construction of the LHC 2.The TESLA collaboration with DESY has published in 2001 a Technical Design Report including a detailed cost estimate. 3.DESY has based its future in particle physics on the ILC, with the strong support of the German and European particle physicists and backed by the German government. 4.DESY is operating a test facility, based on the technology chosen for the ILC, and will build the European XFEL, a 20 GeV accelerator, starting in 2007. 5.DESY is committed to the participation in the ILC independent of its location and has proposed a concrete scheme for global collaboration and participation.

16. 16 Albrecht Wagner, EPP2010, 16 May 2005, Chicago The TESLA Collaboration The TESLA Collaboration has selected in 1991 the SCRF Technology for its high potential: high luminosity high power efficiency relatively relaxed tolerances Challenges: high acceleration gradients cost effective realisation The collaboration has recently changed its mission and name and has become the TESLA Technology collaboration - KEK and SLAC have joint, other labs are going to join

17. 17 Albrecht Wagner, EPP2010, 16 May 2005, Chicago Development of the ILC Technology SC RF structures for accelerators were developed in many countries The TESLA collaboration, centred at DESY, combined ~ all the world expertise in SC, thus leading to major progress: > 25-fold improvement in performance/cost in 10 years Major impact on next generation light sources (XFEL, ERL), proton accelerators etc

18. 18 Albrecht Wagner, EPP2010, 16 May 2005, Chicago RF gun FEL experimental area bypass 4 MeV150 MeV450 MeV1000 MeV undulatorscollimator bunch compressor Laser bunch compressor accelerator modules undulator section The Technical Feasibility has been Proven The TESLA Test Facility and VUV-FEL built and operated at DESY by the TESLA collaboration Lasing at 30 nm demonstrated  t ~ 20 fs

19. 19 Albrecht Wagner, EPP2010, 16 May 2005, Chicago The SCRF technology allows the acceleration of high intensity, high quality electron beams, thus providing the base for an X-ray laser Brillance: ~ 10 9 higher Pulse duration: 1000 times shorter Coherence Wave length tuneable The XFEL - a revolutionary photon source

20. 20 Albrecht Wagner, EPP2010, 16 May 2005, Chicago Status of the European XFEL Project Proposal Oct. 2002 – X-ray FEL user facility with 20 GeV superconducting linear accelerator in SCRF technology Approval by German government Feb. 2003 as European Project Commitment for 50% of funding + expected ~10% by Hamburg & Schleswig-Holstein, 40% European partners Tremendous synergy with main linac of ILC The Science Council, during its evaluation, asked DESY for a proposal for a stand-alone XFEL.

21. 21 Albrecht Wagner, EPP2010, 16 May 2005, Chicago Status of the European XFEL Project 10 countries have signed the Memorandum of Understanding for the preparatory phase (Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Poland, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom). Hungary is about to sign. Discussions in Netherlands, Russia and China At present the project is in preparatory phase, defined by a Memorandum of Understanding, guided by an International Steering Group, with two Working Groups

22. 22 Albrecht Wagner, EPP2010, 16 May 2005, Chicago Preparation of Project within framework of MoU Science Technology ( accel...) Local implementation Politics Experiments Organisation Cost Etc. Construction of Project within framework of contract between partner countries Operation of project and scientific exploitation of European XFEL 2004 20062012 XFEL Time Line Goal: Until mid 2006 finish all preparations for an agreement on Government level for construction and operation of EU XFEL

23. 23 Albrecht Wagner, EPP2010, 16 May 2005, Chicago European XFEL Site Treaty between HH and Schleswig- Holstein Legal approval process for implementation has just started

24. 24 Albrecht Wagner, EPP2010, 16 May 2005, Chicago DESY and the ILC – 5 European particle physics (ECFA) have identified the ILC as their top priority after the construction of the LHC The TESLA collaboration with DESY has published in 2001 a Technical Design Report including a detailed cost estimate. DESY has based its future in particle physics on the ILC, with the strong support of the German and European particle physicists and backed by the German government. DESY is operating a test facility, based on the technology chosen for the ILC, and will build the European XFEL, a 20 GeV accelerator, starting in 2007. DESY is committed to the participation in the ILC independent of its location and has proposed a concrete scheme for global collaboration and participation.

25. 25 Albrecht Wagner, EPP2010, 16 May 2005, Chicago A Global Accelerator Network Collaboration of interested accelerator laboratories and institutes world-wide with the goal to build, operate and utilise large new accelerators Follows major detector collaboration in particle physics Partners contribute through components or subsystems Joint operation Examples from science (astronomy…) and industry …

26. 26 Albrecht Wagner, EPP2010, 16 May 2005, Chicago Enabling Large Projects - Make best use of world-wide competence, ideas, resources - Make projects part of the national programs of the participating countries - Create a visible presence of activities in all participating countries - Make site selection less important and controversial * * Put accelerator at an existing lab: make optimal use of available experience, manpower and infrastructure

27. 27 Albrecht Wagner, EPP2010, 16 May 2005, Chicago Possible legal structure as an international project: Limited Liability Company corresponding to a ‘Holding’ Basis for the project: agreement between the participating countries or institutions (Project Convention) International Organisation Possible forms of organisations have been discussed by the TESLA collaboration (TDR and reply to questions by Science Council) and by a subgroup of ECFA (Kalmus report). European XFEL: a test case

28. 28 Albrecht Wagner, EPP2010, 16 May 2005, Chicago European Design Study (27 institutions, including CERN and DESY) Accelerator research and related R&D. European Union Funding for ILC R&D The referees of EUROTeV emphasised the importance of the ILC EUROTeV plays the role of a focus and nucleus for the European part of the global activities Global projects represent a new challenge for European science coordination

29. 29 Albrecht Wagner, EPP2010, 16 May 2005, Chicago International Cooperation on the ILC Road map discussions in the three regions, leading to a consensus about scientific priorities Decision by the German Government to move forward on an X-ray (same technology) and to continue the R&D for the ILC in an international context First meetings of the funding agencies Consultative group of OECD OECD Ministerial Statement supporting the ILC Decision on technology First ILC workshop ICFA unanimously appointed the director of the GDE MoU for establishing the GDE was signed by major labs This list is incomplete, but illustrates the steady progress 2001 2003 2004 2005

30. 30 Albrecht Wagner, EPP2010, 16 May 2005, Chicago Summary – DESY and the ILC European particle physics (ECFA) have identified the ILC as their top priority after the construction of the LHC The TESLA collaboration with DESY has published in 2001 a Technical Design Report including a detailed cost estimate. DESY has based its future in particle physics on the ILC, with the strong support of the German and European particle physicists and backed by the German government. DESY is operating a test facility, based on the technology chosen for the ILC, and will build the European XFEL, a 20 GeV accelerator, starting in 2007. DESY is committed to the participation in the ILC independent of its location and has proposed a concrete scheme for global collaboration and participation.