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Jamestown vs. Plymouth South vs. North. JamestownJamestown – 1607 “ The Mystery of the Deaths at Jamestown” Late 1606  Virginia Joint-Stock Co. sends.

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Presentation on theme: "Jamestown vs. Plymouth South vs. North. JamestownJamestown – 1607 “ The Mystery of the Deaths at Jamestown” Late 1606  Virginia Joint-Stock Co. sends."— Presentation transcript:

1 Jamestown vs. Plymouth South vs. North

2 JamestownJamestown – 1607 “ The Mystery of the Deaths at Jamestown” Late 1606  Virginia Joint-Stock Co. sends out 3 ships filled w/ young male profit-seekers Late 1606  Virginia Joint-Stock Co. sends out 3 ships filled w/ young male profit-seekers – Expected to find fortune in gold & silver to benefit investors – Most unsuited for farming and survival tactics Spring 1607  land at mouth of Chesapeake Bay. Spring 1607  land at mouth of Chesapeake Bay. – Attacked by Indians and moved on. May 24, 1607  about 100 colonists [all men] land at Jamestown, along banks of James River May 24, 1607  about 100 colonists [all men] land at Jamestown, along banks of James River – Easily defended but… – Swampy terrain with stagnant, brackish water – Scarcity of fresh drinking water - dysentery – swarming with mosquitoes - malaria

3 Chesapeake Bay

4 Jamestown Fort

5 Computer-generated Model created by archaeologists

6 Present-day replicas of Jamestown Houses

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8 Historic Jamestown

9 “The Starving Time” 1606-1607  40 people died on the voyage to the New World. 1606-1607  40 people died on the voyage to the New World. 1609  supply ship from England lost in shipwreck off Bermuda. 1609  supply ship from England lost in shipwreck off Bermuda. Settlers died by the dozens! Settlers died by the dozens! – “Gentlemen” colonists would not work – Game in forests & fish in river uncaught. – Wasted time looking for gold instead of hunting or farming. – Ate dogs, cats, rats, and mice – One hungry man killed, salted, cooked, and ate his wife – he was executed Captain John Smith achieves temporary relief Captain John Smith achieves temporary relief – Institutes martial law – “he who shall not work shall not eat” – Captured by Powhatans; released / saved by Pocahontas – Learned to grow corn from Powhatans; taught settlers – Lead Jamestown through “starving time” until new ships, settlers, and leaders arrived

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11 Pocahontas saves John Smith

12 John Rolfe & Pocahontas What finally made the colony prosperous??

13 Tobacco - “Stinking Weed”? “Bewitching Weed”? “Green Gold”? “Brown Gold”? “Virginia’s gold and silver.” -- John Rolfe, 1612

14 Virginia: Child of Tobacco Crash Course: Natives and the English Crash Course: Natives and the English 1618 1618 — Virginia produces 20,000 pounds of tobacco. 1622 1622 — Despite losing nearly one-third of its colonists in an Indian attack, Virginia produces 60,000 pounds of tobacco.Indian attack 1627 1627 — Virginia produces 500,000 pounds of tobacco. 1629 1629 — Virginia produces 1,500,000 pounds of tobacco.

15 Virginia and Maryland Colonies thrive in the Chesapeake Economic Social Religious Political

16 Economy thrives – tobacco plantations require large supply of land and labor land and labor – Lead to land disputes with Indians – Early labor – indentured servants ; 1 st Africans in 1619 were indentured servants – Late 1600s – slavery replaces indentured servitude; after Bacon’s RebellionBacon’s Rebellion – Virginia Company failed in 1624 – VA becomes Royal Colony – all profits shared by king/queen and Planters – Profits and land quality dwindle for former indentured servants – Proprietary colony est. by Lord Baltimore (George Calvert) in Maryland (1632) also developed prosperous tobacco economy Economic Activities

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18 Social / Cultural Characteristics Social Stratification develops in Plantation culture of VA & MD – plantation owners (Planters) were top of society – small farmers (former indentured servants) eventually were most of the population – Very few women at first; came later to be wives for mostly male population; second class role of women; served no economic function – indentured servants (young men) – slaves were lowest level Planters Small Farmers Landless Whites Indentured Servants African Slaves Social Hierarchy of Virginia

19 Religious Characteristics Virginia settlers were Protestant Anglican (members of the Church of England) Christians – Settlers motivated by economic opportunity NOT by evangelism – Church of England was “established” church - 1624 law mandated that “white Virginians worship in the Anglican church and support its upkeep with their taxes”. No separation of church and state; would later contribute to revolutionary spirit – Not tolerant of non-Christians – Rural/agricultural settlement pattern (dispersed farms); discouraged organized church formation or attendance – NO churches – Most southern colonists were Xtian in name and culture only Maryland settled as a safe haven for Catholics fleeing persecution in England – Soon outnumbered by Protestants; agreed to est. Act of Toleration, 1 st colonial statute for religious freedom for all Christians; non-Christians subject to execution – Act of Toleration later repealed by Protestant controlled Assembly; became intolerant of Catholics; lost right to vote

20 Political Structure First ruled by series of military-style dictators (including John Smith and Lord De La Warr) House of Burgesses est. in 1619 as 1 st representative assembly in American colonies – made up of burgesses (reps) from counties Became Royal Colony with governor appointed by King/Queen Tradition of representative democracy already est. by HoB; held power over gov. including “power of the purse” Maryland est. as Proprietary Colony (Lord Baltimore) with representative assembly; resemble Virginia politically

21 OPEN-NOTES QUIZ on Note card 1. All of the following threatened early Jamestown EXCEPT: a.tobacco failures b.conflict with native Americans c.disease d.food shortages 2. As more and more settlers arrived in Jamestown, relations between the settlers and the Powhatan people: a.worsened b.stayed about the same c.improved slightly d.improved dramatically 3. In the early years of the Virginia Colony, a field laborer was most likely to be: a.a slave b.a Powhatan Indian c.a landholder d.an indentured servant or a former indentured servant 4. The most significant cause of the shift in Virginia from the use of indentured servants to the use of African slaves as the primary source of labor on southern plantations was: a.the “Starving Time “ b.the Powhatan Rebellion of 1622 c.a rebellion of frontier farmers led by Nathaniel Bacon d.the Salem Witch Trials 5. The first example of a colonial self-government based on the principle of representative democracy was _____________________________________

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23 Plymouth Settlement - 1620 Pilgrims (separatists) and Anglicans came on the Mayflower Pilgrims wanted religious freedom Anglicans wanted economic opportunity Attempted to join Virginia Colony, but landed in wrong place – Cape Cod (Massachusetts)

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26 Jamestown or Plymouth? Economic, Social, Political? 1.Settlers were searching for gold ____________________ 2.Settlers were seeking religious freedom ____________________ 3.Settled by young men ____________________ 4.Settled by entire families____________________ 5.Royal governor & House of Burgesses ____________________ 6.Mayflower Compact & town meetings ____________________ 7.Congregational Church____________________ 8.Anglican Church____________________ 9.Tobacco plantations, rice, indigo, cotton ____________________ 10.Fishing, shipbuilding, fur trading, shipping ____________________ 11.Urban; towns and villages____________________ 12.Rural; few towns; plantations & country life ____________________ 13.direct democracy; town meetings____________________ 14.republic; representative democracy____________________ 15.Hierarchical structure; Planter class dominated __________________ 16.Community oriented; male church leader dominated ______________ 17.Subsistence farmers____________________ 18.Indentured servants; slaves____________________

27 New England Society Shaped by Religion Mass. Bay colony thrives - Puritan Rule – Friendly climate – clean water, cool climate – Family migrants = natural increase – Stable family life – large families – denial of women’s property rights bound wives to husbands – rarity of divorce according to Puritan Law – Tightly knit towns – community oriented, not individualistic = little privacy – Commitment to education – improvement of youth – “Puritan Ethic” – promoted hard work, thrift, and sobriety – Democratic assemblies – “town meetings” instilled democratic principles – “The Scarlet Letter”; “the Crucible”

28 Puritan control erodes Population growth spreads people out Internal challenges to Puritan doctrine – Roger Williams – Anne Hutchinson Subsequent generations lack religious zeal of original settlers New England colonists became more concerned with survival (subsistence farming) and Commercial success (shipping and trade), the GOD. Church attendance and membership declined. Puritan leaders became scared they were losing power and influence in society. Preached strong messages of fear. Jonathan Edwards – “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”

29 Salem Witch Trials -1692 - Salem, Massachusetts -Puritan community standards being challenged -young girls accused people of being witches -the accused named other witches -20 “witches” were executed -trials later suspended due to poor evidence -Many theories about what happened.

30 The “Real” Salem Witch Trial

31 Growing Commercialization and Stratification of New England Witch trials reflected fear and suspicion of secularism and materialism of growing merchant class – accusers were rural subsistence farmers; accused were townspeople in merchant class Trade/commerce, shipping, commercial agriculture came to dominate colonial life Economic concerns replaced spiritual concerns


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