2. Sociology: Chapter 16 Sec 1 “Collective Behavior and Social Movements” “Collective Behavior” Standards: 6.1- 6.12, 8.1-8.11

3. Collective Behavior  Collective Behavior: Spontaneous social behavior that occurs when people try to develop common solutions to unclear situations  Collectivity: gathering of people who have limited interaction and do not share clearly defined norms or a sense of unity  -Limited Interaction  -Unclear Norms  - Limited Unity

4. Crowds..  Crowds: Temporary collection of people in close proximity  -Casual: movies  -Conventional: Ball Game  -Expressive: Rock Concert  -Acting: Riot  Mobs: Emotional, United, Violent  Riots: Eruption of people into disruptive action  Panic: Spontaneous, uncoordinated group action to escape perceived threat  Moral Panic: Occurs when people become fearful about a behavior that APPEARS to threaten morals of society  Mass Hysteria: Unfounded anxiety shared by people scattered over a wide geographic area  *Salem witch trials

5. Fashions and Fads  Fashion: Enthusiastic attachment among a large number of people for particular styles and behavior  Fad: Unconventional thought popular for a short period of time; Popular among young  Rumor: Unverified piece of information that is spread rapidly from one person to another  “Chinese telephone experiment” Can vary from person to person  Urban Legend: Stories that teach lessons and SEEM realistic; but are not… Read page 441  *Write your own urban legend; remember the rules: Teach a lesson; it is not true, but seems true

6. Public Opinion  Public Opinion: How society feels about issues  Propaganda: Over exaggerated story used to manipulate public opinion  *Do propaganda poster depicting your urban legend

7. Explaining Behavior  Contagion Theory: Hypnotic power of the crowd encourages people to give up individuality to the stronger pull of the group  Emergent Norm Theory: People conform to the group even of they do not agree with the activity  Value Added Theory: Preconditions for collective behavior  1. Structural Conduciveness: Rodney King tape; acquittal, riots  2. Structural Strain: Tension(Poverty)  Leads to stress  3. Growth of Generalized belief: “All police are racist”

8. Value Added  Triggering Event  Mobilization for Action: When people feel that leaders can or will not do anything, they take actions into own hands  Social Control: Nat’l Guard  Each step must take place before the next one for collective group behavior to occur  Read p. 446

9. Sociology: Chapter 16 Sec 2 “Social Movements”

10. Social Movements  Social Change: Alterations in various aspects over time  Social Movements: Long term conscious effort to promote or prevent change  3 Factors  -Long Duration  -Highly Structured and Organized  -Deliberate attempt at change  Types:  Reactionary Movement: “Turn back the clock”  - Return to traditional ways of acting and thinking  Ex: Ku Klux Klan and segregation

11. Types…  Conservative Movement: Try to protect, what they see, as societies values  Ex: Religious groups protecting “family values”  Revisionary Movements: Improve some part of society; Women’s Suffrage  Revolutionary Movement: Total and radical change: Bolsheviks in Russia

12. Life Cycle of Social Movements  1. Agitation: Emerge out of idea that a problem exists-most movements die here  2. Legitimatization: Movements find formal/informal support  3. Bureaucratization: Formal Movement  4. Institutionalization: Becomes part of society  * Use civil rights movement as model

13. Explaining Movement  Deprivation Theory: movements arise when large numbers of people feel economically or socially deprived  -Absolute Deprivation: People lack one or more social rewards  -Relative Deprivation: People have lesser portion of rewards than another group  Resource Mobilization : Organization and effective use of resources  Theory: People w/o resources cannot bring change  Those who do have resources should lead them

14. Sociology: Ch 16 Sec 3 “Social Change” Standards: 5.6, 5.7, 5.10, 5.11, 5.12, 6.1-6.12

15. Social Change  The more culture traits that exist, the faster culture can change  Each change brings about other changes  Ex. Car: Changed the way that people traveled, shopped, and lived  WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO BE AN AMERICAN?  When you think of America, what do you think of?  Read: The 100 Percent American p.59

16. Six Factors of Social Change  1. Values and Beliefs  2. Technology  3. Population  4. Diffusion  5. Physical Environment  6. Wars and Conquest

17. 1. Values and Beliefs  Changes are more dramatic when part of an ideology  Ideology: System of beliefs that justify social, moral, political, religious, or economic interests/goals held by society  Social Movement: “Long-Term” effort to promote social change  -Usually needs a large number of people to “force” change  Ex: American Civil Rights Movement (MLK Film)

18. 2. Technology  Knowledge and tools that people use to manipulate the environment –Discovery: Recognition of NEW uses for EXISTING elements (Electricity) –Invention: Existing knowledge used to create something new (Light Bulb) –**Has very dramatic effects on the way people live their lives

19. 3. Population  Number of inhabitants of a specific area  Increases and decreases can affect economy and physical environment –Doubling Time: Formula used to ESTIMATE the amount of time that it would take for the population in a specific area to double –Rule of 70: 70/Growth Rate = DT –Ex: Earth (2000 Growth Rate= 1.4%) so 70/1.4% = 50 years… so… –2000 6.1 Billion People on earth –2050 12.2 Billion People will live on earth if growth rate stays the same!!!

20. 4. Diffusion  Spreading of Culture traits/complexes/patterns from one society to another  Ex: Baseball spreading from U.S. to Japan  Reformulation: Process of adapting borrowed culture traits to fit own society  Ex: Japanese version of “Friends” w/ Japanese characters –Japanese relate better to these characters

21. 5. Physical Environment  Food Variety (landscape)  Movement (place to place)  Natural disasters can facilitate (or speed up) change (earthquakes…etc)  Life on Earth would change dramatically if an asteroid the size of Indiana were to suddenly strike somewhere on the planet

22. 6. Wars and Conquest  Can dramatically change population, environment, and political landscape in a relatively short amount of time  Brings about the MOST change in the LEAST amount of time (broken families: Anne Frank)  We are Americans; We practice Democracy  Our gov’t is overthrown and we are now Communists

23. Resistance to Change  1. Ethnocentrism: Believing that one’s own culture is superior to all others  If you think that the way you do things is the best way, why would you want to change?  2. Cultural Lag: One aspect of culture is outgrowing another  Internet vs. Privacy/Use Laws  3. Vested Interests: If someone stands to “lose” something as result of change, why would he/she want things to change?  Ex: Why would a representative in Congress vote on a bill to make vehicles more fuel efficient when he/she has millions of dollars tied up in the oil industry? (Film: MLK)