1. Operation Barbarossa …………following Dunkirk………..”the road to London goes through Moscow’ was the code name for Nazi Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union during World War IIcode nameNazi Germany invasion of the Soviet Union World War II that commenced on June 22, 1941.June 221941 The operation was named after the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa of the Holy Roman Empire, a leader of the Crusades in the 12th century; EmperorFrederick Barbarossa Holy Roman Empire Crusades12th century according to Nazi ideology the conquest of 'inferior races' was similarly righteous.

2. I. Motives: Inferior race (Slavs and Jews) Hates Communism Oil and wheat Lebensraum (Living Space) – wrote about in Mein Kampf “………to the East….” [……did not see Russia as part of Europe……told the Russians to move to India…..]

3. A. Begins June 22 1941 (delayed the operation….supposed to begin in early spring 1941……to assist Mussolini in Yugoslavia and N. Africa vs. the British) [damages their relationship, Hitler sees him as a liability]

5. B. Stalin calls for “scorched earth policy” – Soviets practice scorched-earth policies: As the Nazi German Army pushed the Soviets through the Ukraine in 1941 and 1942, Joseph Stalin ordered his army and civilians to destroy anything that could be useful to the Germans, including industrial facilities, rail lines, communication lines, and shelter.

7. The Germans practiced their own scorched-earth policy in 1943 and 1944 as they retreated through Russia and Europe. As his country was collapsing in March 1945, Adolf Hitler ordered his armaments minister, Albert Speer, to destroy any German resources not yet in Allied hands. Unknown to Hitler, Speer never carried out the order.

8. C. Germans reach Moscow Dec 1941 (-60 degrees) ……..aaaahhhhh How I long for those Russian Winters………… - Hitler and Germans not prepared for winter. “Behind us is Moscow, there is no room left for retreat”

9. B. Russians begin counter attack - huge population rapidly creates new army - aid from US (officially enters war Dec 1941) - German ideas of racial superiority and hatred of Communists create resentment and motive for Russians to fight - Germans begin retreat……the beginning of the end…….

11. Hitler faces choice………use resources (men, trains, equipment) to reinforce his troops in the East or use those resources to “exterminate” the Jews in “DEATH” camps.

12. Japanese Expansion 1. What were Japan’s motivations in expanding to East and Southeast Asia Raw materials, living space 2. What imperialist powers had previously controlled these regions? French, Dutch, British

13. 3. Why was Japan able to move against these imperialist powers in these regions? German victory over France and Netherlands British focus on surviving

14. 4. How did Japan justify its attempts to gain control of these regions? A new order = “Asia for the Asiatics” Get rid of European rule (remember equality issue w/ L of N)

15. 5. What did the U.S. do that would increase tensions between U.S. and Japan? Embargo on scrap iron to Japan 6. Explain (in your own words) why Japan signed the Tripartite Pact and what it is. Tripartite Pact 1940 Japan joins in response to US actions / right to “receive the space to which it is entitled” and cooperate with each other (Germany, Italy, Japan)

18. 7. What further steps did the U.S take to upset Japan? Oil embargo on Japan and halt all Japanese economic actions in U.S.

19. 8. What was Japan’s motivation and strategic goal of attacking Pearl Harbor? Dec 7, 1941 Dec 8 – US declares war US is obstacle for Japanese expansion (and survival) Strategy: destroy US Pacific fleet Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto stated: "I fear all we have done is to awaken a sleeping giant..." "In the first six to twelve months of a war with the United States and Great Britain I will run wild and win victory upon victory. But then, if the war continues after that, I have no expectation of success."

20. Prime Minister / General Hideki Tojo Emperor Hirohito Isoroku Yamamoto