1. Section III: The War Expands Pages 672-676 Section III: The War Expands Pages 672-676 This section is about: This section is about: Hitler’s campaigns in the Soviet Union and in North Africa. Hitler’s campaigns in the Soviet Union and in North Africa. How the United States entered the war in Asia and how it began to experience success on the Pacific front. How the United States entered the war in Asia and how it began to experience success on the Pacific front.

2. There are two maps in this section – on pages 673 and 674. There are two maps in this section – on pages 673 and 674. What do these maps show about WWII? What do these maps show about WWII? Look at “Then and Now” on the left of page 674. Look at “Then and Now” on the left of page 674. And, the main ideas on page 672: letter “B” And, the main ideas on page 672: letter “B”

3. Hitler Moves East Hitler Invades the Soviet Union Hitler had that agreement with Stalin (not to invade each other). Hitler had that agreement with Stalin (not to invade each other). But Hitler hated communism – and had always planned to go after Stalin. But Hitler hated communism – and had always planned to go after Stalin. In June, 1941, German soldiers moved toward the Ukraine (good farmland) and Leningrad and Moscow (industrial centers). In June, 1941, German soldiers moved toward the Ukraine (good farmland) and Leningrad and Moscow (industrial centers). Hitler thought he could force a Soviet surrender by the fall. Hitler thought he could force a Soviet surrender by the fall.

4. As the Russians retreated, the did something odd: they burned/destroyed everything that was in the path of the Germans (a “scorched-earth” policy). As the Russians retreated, the did something odd: they burned/destroyed everything that was in the path of the Germans (a “scorched-earth” policy). That way, the Germans had to rely on their own food, clothing, and weapons – and the further they advanced, the farther they were from their supplies. That way, the Germans had to rely on their own food, clothing, and weapons – and the further they advanced, the farther they were from their supplies. The campaign took longer than the Germans planned – and winter was coming. The campaign took longer than the Germans planned – and winter was coming. The Germans didn’t have proper clothing or shelter from the Russian winter. The Germans didn’t have proper clothing or shelter from the Russian winter. In 1941, more than 500,000 Germans died or were captured. In 1941, more than 500,000 Germans died or were captured.

5. The Siege of Leningrad (the 900 day siege) In 1941, German troops also began an attack on Leningrad. In 1941, German troops also began an attack on Leningrad. They surrounded the city and for months kept supplies from reaching the people (food and military equipment). They surrounded the city and for months kept supplies from reaching the people (food and military equipment). The people barely stayed alive – until 1944 when more troops showed up from the west. The people barely stayed alive – until 1944 when more troops showed up from the west.

6. The War in Africa Another place the war hit: Africa Another place the war hit: Africa In 1940, Mussolini sent his troops into Egypt (unsuccessfully), and Hitler had to send him help. In 1940, Mussolini sent his troops into Egypt (unsuccessfully), and Hitler had to send him help. By 1942, General Rommel, Hitler, and Mussolini had the British cornered. By 1942, General Rommel, Hitler, and Mussolini had the British cornered. In 1943, the British (and U.S. by that time) sent in more Allied troops and helped gain control of northern Africa. In 1943, the British (and U.S. by that time) sent in more Allied troops and helped gain control of northern Africa.

7. The War in Asia Remember: the Japanese had invaded China (Manchuria). Remember: the Japanese had invaded China (Manchuria). The United States was working with Japan to find a peaceful solution in Asia. The United States was working with Japan to find a peaceful solution in Asia. But Japan wanted resources – and also invaded Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos (French territories). But Japan wanted resources – and also invaded Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos (French territories). So the U.S. and Britain stopped trading with Japan – cutting off goods such as oil, iron, and steel. So the U.S. and Britain stopped trading with Japan – cutting off goods such as oil, iron, and steel. Japan realized if they wanted to keep expanding in the Pacific, they’d have to deal with the United States. Japan realized if they wanted to keep expanding in the Pacific, they’d have to deal with the United States.

8. Pearl Harbor Pearl Harbor On December 7 th, 1941, the Japanese began to come after the United States (even though peace talks were going on). On December 7 th, 1941, the Japanese began to come after the United States (even though peace talks were going on). They launched a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. They launched a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. More than 3000 soldiers were killed and many ships were destroyed. More than 3000 soldiers were killed and many ships were destroyed. The next day, FDR asked for a declaration of war. Congress took 40 minutes to say yes. The next day, FDR asked for a declaration of war. Congress took 40 minutes to say yes. Three days later, Japan’s allies (Italy and Germany’s ally) declared war on the United States. Three days later, Japan’s allies (Italy and Germany’s ally) declared war on the United States.

12. Relocation of Japanese Americans A lot of Americans were furious with the Japanese. A lot of Americans were furious with the Japanese. Many were afraid the Japanese just couldn’t be trusted – even those who were born in the U.S. to Japanese parents. Many were afraid the Japanese just couldn’t be trusted – even those who were born in the U.S. to Japanese parents. The U.S. Government relocated Japanese Americans living on the west coast to internment camps, with temporary housing, little privacy, and no permission to leave. The U.S. Government relocated Japanese Americans living on the west coast to internment camps, with temporary housing, little privacy, and no permission to leave. Many who didn’t get put in a camp volunteered to serve in the U.S. military. Many who didn’t get put in a camp volunteered to serve in the U.S. military. Some were among the most decorated of all American soldiers in WWII. Some were among the most decorated of all American soldiers in WWII.

13. Early Struggles in the Pacific It takes a while to get completely ready to get involved in a war. It takes a while to get completely ready to get involved in a war. The Japanese won many of the early battles in the Pacific (often over key islands). The Japanese won many of the early battles in the Pacific (often over key islands). One Japanese victory was in the Philippines. One Japanese victory was in the Philippines. 75,000 Americans and Filipinos were forced to surrender, were taken captive and forced to march to Manila (68 miles away). 75,000 Americans and Filipinos were forced to surrender, were taken captive and forced to march to Manila (68 miles away). More than 11,000 died during this “Bataan Death March” through the Philippine jungles. More than 11,000 died during this “Bataan Death March” through the Philippine jungles. By 1942, Japan controlled much of the Pacific. By 1942, Japan controlled much of the Pacific.

14. American Successes in the Pacific Eventually, Americans began bombing Tokyo. Eventually, Americans began bombing Tokyo. The Japanese were shocked – they didn’t think an enemy would be able to invade their country. The Japanese were shocked – they didn’t think an enemy would be able to invade their country. In 1942, Americans learned of a Japanese attack on Midway and were ready for it. In 1942, Americans learned of a Japanese attack on Midway and were ready for it. Four Japanese aircraft carriers were sunk, with hundreds of planes on board. Four Japanese aircraft carriers were sunk, with hundreds of planes on board. This was a turning point for the Americans in the war in the Pacific. This was a turning point for the Americans in the war in the Pacific. The United States started taking some of the islands in the Pacific and began a bigger attack on Japan. The United States started taking some of the islands in the Pacific and began a bigger attack on Japan.